中考二轮复习专题四：冠词与介词

龙文教育让您的孩子学会学习 龙文教育学科导学案

教师: 郇成会 学生: 年级 日期: 2013/ / 星期: 时段: __ :00--_ _:00 学情分析 课 题 学习目标 与 考点分析 中考二轮复习专题四：介词与数词 学习目标：1. 对知识进行分类学习，同时将每个考点串联起来讲解，并且将易混淆 的知识放在一起进行对比。 2. 在对知识分类讲解的同时，时刻不忘学生基础知识的复习。 考点分析：1. 在分类学习的过程中与学生一起对历届的中考题进行研究学习 2. 加强学生阅读能力的培养以及强化学生的逻辑推理能力。 学习重点 学习方法 归纳，总结，讲授，练习 学习内容与过程 一：Lead-in 二：Presentation （一）. 介词的用法 I. 介词的功能 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语) Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语) Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语) II. 常用介词的用法辨析 1. 表时间的介词 (1). at, in on at : 表示时间点. eg：at six o’clock/ at noon/ at midnight/ at Halloween in: 表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上。 eg：in the ninettenth century / in 2002/ in may/ in winter/ in the morning/ in the afternoon on: 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上. eg：on Monday, on July 1st / on Sunday morning ① .We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?—Let’s make it ______ half past eight ______ the morning of June 21. ② . I made a special card for my father _____ Father’s Day this year. (2). since, before, until before词义―在...时间之前‖，而since词义是―自从....时间以来‖，until是―一直到....时间 句型It is +一段时间＋since /before/until的区别 1 无锡龙文教学管理部

龙文教育让您的孩子学会学习 eg. It has been two years since I graduated from my high school. It’ll be a year before I graduate from my college. It had been ten years until/ before he came back. EX. ( ) It will be about three weeks____he comes back. A.after B.until C.since D.before (3). in, after in＋一段时间＝in＋一段时间 s time(与将来时连用)。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。 eg. He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o’clock. He returned after a month. EX. ( ) --How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? --_______. A. In three day's B. After three days C. In three days' time D. After three day's time II. 表示地点的介词 (1). at, in, on at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。 eg. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. (2). over, above, on over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 eg. There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk. EX. They climbed_____ the mountain and arrived there ahead of time. (3). across, through across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。 EX.There is a bridge the river. Many boats go it every day. The train ran ________the tunnel (隧道). The boy swam_______ the river. The moonlight goes ________ the window and makes the room bright. (4). in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”反义词组behind，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内,反义词组at the back of eg. There are some tall trees ________ the building. The teacher is sitting ___________ the classroom. (5). under，below under与over相反，表示指―在---（垂直）下方‖。below与above相反，指―在……下面‖，指某物位置低于另一物。 注意：below也可指―（温度）低于---‖ eg：Our boat went under the bridge． There is a small town below the hill. EX：The temperature will fall_______ zero in the night again. —Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? —Only if you are ________ eighteen. (6).among和between among(通常用于三个或三个以上)的中间，among后的名词或代词必须是复数，between用于(二者之间)，且―两者‖常用and连接。 eg. There is a village among the hills．/ Tom is the tallest among these students. Kate sits between Lucy and Lily. III. 其他介词的辨析 (1).表示方式、手段、工具等介词by，with，in“ ①表示用―方法、手段‖使用by。 eg：We go to school by bike every day. / I live by teaching. 2 无锡龙文教学管理部

龙文教育让您的孩子学会学习 ②表示―用工具‖的用with。 eg：We write with pens (or pencils). / He cut the apple in half with a knife. ③表示―用语言‖ 用in。 eg：He can write a letter in English now. EX. I improve my English ______reading aloud in the morning . (2). besides、except和but . ①besides意思是―除……之外(还有---)‖。 eg. They all went there besides Tom． Besides English we also learn Chinese, French and Japanese. ②except意思是―除……之外(在整体中除去一部分)‖。 eg. We all went the Great Wall except Tom． The students go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday. ③but意思是―除……之外(在整体中除去一部分)‖，它与except的区别是：but常放在不定代词之后；而except没不是。but的问题：用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意：如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。 EX. I could do nothing but ________(wait). They had no choice(选择) but ______(fight). eg. I have nothing but a million pound note. EX. Mr Lin gave the textbooks to all the students ______the ones who had already taken them. (2009无锡) (3). 表示方向的介词 A be/lie in the north of B. A在B的北部。前者从属于后者。 A be/lie on the north of B. A在B的北方。两地接壤。 A be/lie to the north of B.＝A be north of B.可以省略to the。两者不接壤 EX. north of the zoo there are some giraffes. And south of the giraffes there are some lions. Shanghai lies ______ the east of China and _______the northeast of Guangdong. (4). as与like as 为连词，后接一个句子; like 为介词，后面只能接名词、代词宾格或动名词作宾语。 eg. We must study hard ________Leifeng did Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __________ a camera. IV. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 （1）介词与动词的搭配 listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…,get on (well) with, argue with...about...等。 （2）介词与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end, on a bike(=by bike), with the help of或with one’s help，beyond hope，in public，under arrest，on business （3）介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for, be strict with..in..等 EX. ( ) Are you going to the station _____bus or _____my car? A. on ; by B. by ; in C. on ; in D. in ; by ( ) ______my mother’s help, I succeeded in finishing the work. A. Under B. On C. With D. In 【中考题专项练习】 ( ) 1. Don’t drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive the tunnel. (2012江苏无锡) A. past B. across C. over D. Through ( ) 2.—Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? —Only if you are _____ eighteen. 【2011连云港】 A. over B. on C. under D. below ( ) 3. She had to sell the house even though it was ______ her own wishes. 【2011浙江杭州】 3 无锡龙文教学管理部

龙文教育让您的孩子学会学习 A. above B. on C. against D. for ( ) 4.—What do you often do _________ classes to relax yourself? 【2008·安徽中考】 —Listen to music. A. over B. among C. between D. through ( ) 5. On the way ___ the mountain village, we found the local houses different from ours. 【2012江苏淮安】 A. to B. by C. at D. on ( ) 6.—Jack, is maths difficult to learn in high school? 【2012江苏连云港】 —Sure. No subject can be learned well hard work. A. without B. through C. by D. with ( ) 7. A YOG volunteer team mostly university and middle school students. They will mainly provide languages voluntary services. 【2012江苏南京】 A. consists of B. belongs to C. thinks of D. leads to ( ) 8. My father has a habit of jogging ____the Jinchuan River for an hour in the morning .【2012江苏南京】 A. between B. along C. over D. through ( ) 9. Yesterday I downloaded a new program ______the Internet. Now I can watch TV and movies ______ my computer. 【2012江苏苏州】 A. from；on B. with；in C, in；with D. on；from ( ) 10. Don't drive so fast! We must slow down when we drive _____the tunnel. 【2012江苏无锡】 A. past B. across C. over D. through ( ) 11. — The charity walk begins ________ 9.00 a. m. Don't be late. —No problem.【2012江苏宿迁】 A. in B. at C. on D. to ( ) 12. The 30th London Olympic Games will begin _______ 27th July 2012. 【2012江苏徐州】 A. in B. on C. at D. for ( ) 13.—Jack, you seem to be ________ . 【2012江苏盐城】 —Yes. It's 8:20 now and my train leaves in ten minutes. A. in a hurry B. in fear C. in safety D. in silence ( ) 14. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start ____ the coming July. 【2012江苏镇江】 A. on B. in C. at D. to ( ) 15. Remember to spend some time____ your loved ones,because they are not going to be around forever. A.from B.with C. in D.on ( )16. —Jack, you seem to be ______—Yes. It's 8∶20 now and my train leaves in ten minute. A. in a hurry B. in fear C. in safety D. in silence （二）. 数词的用法 I.、分类：数词有基数词和序数词两种。英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。 基数词表数目: 1-12单独记，13-19加teen（注意15和18），整十加ty（注意40，50，80，）， 注意：几十几之间连练字符号“-”，百和十之间加and 1. 基数词的特殊用法： （1）表示―几十年代‖或―几十岁‖时，用逢十的基数词的复数形式。 如：in the 1990's 20世纪90年代 in one's twenties在某人20多岁时 （2）用在习语中。如：in twos and threes三三两两地 2. 序数词的特殊用法：：序数词的前面一般必须加the，但以下情况不用： ①表―又一‖时，如：There are three flowers, but she wants a fourth one. ②序数词前有形容词性物主代词时，如：This is my fifteenth birthday. ③序数词作表语时，如：Who was first in the high jump? He is always the first one to come to the school. I am the second one to get up in my family. 3. 分数和百分数 (1). 分数 ① 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。 如：one fifth 1/5 ② 当分子大于1时，分母用序数词的复数。如：five eighths 5/8 ③ 当分子是1时，可以用one也可以用a. 如：a second = one second 1/2 4 无锡龙文教学管理部