高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解

高考英语阅读理解考点突破讲解

一、考点分析

I. 常见考点突破

※比较结构的概念

比较结构句型复杂，形式多样，是考试中的重要考点，较常出现于考题中，是考生在英语阅读中一大难点。

※常见比较结构

1. “the+比较级…, the+比较级…”结构

该结构前面部分是状语从句，后面部分是表示结构的主句，整个句子表示“后面部分随着前面部分变化而变化”。

e.g.: The older we grow, the poorer our memory will become.

2. than引导的比较结构

① more than“不只是……”。

e.g.: Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.

② no more… than… / not… any more than… “……与……一样不……”。不能简单地把该结构看成是more…than…的否定形式。它可能是一种感情上的否定，也可能是一种特殊的类比形式。

e.g.: The heart is no more than intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.

③ no other… than… “除……之外没有别的……，不是别的……正是……”。 e.g.: The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himself.

3. as引导的比较结构

① as…as结构，意为“和……一样，像……一样”。 e.g.: He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.

② not so much…as…结构，表示“与其……不如……”。

e.g.: The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

4. like引导的比较结构

Like / Unlike + n.的比较通常放在句首，其比较对象是句子的主语。因此看到这类型的题目首先判断的就是对应的主语是否和like后面接的名词是对等的对象。 e.g.: Unlike a typical automobile loan, a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

※特殊的比较结构

1. 句型A is to B what C is to D. 该句型中的what为连词，用来比较两种事物之间相同或相似的关系，意为“A之于B就如同C之于D一样”。

e.g.: To the Portuguese, the dry salted cod is what pasta is to the Italians.

2. 一些词的原级本身就具有比较意义，气候常常接介词to引出比较的对象，如：senior to…, junior to…, anterior/ prior to…, superior to…, posterior to…, prefer to…, inferior to…

e.g.: The children prefer camping in the mountains to an indoor activity.

3. 表示对比的一些标志性词语，如：like, unlike, in contrast, in comparisons, compared with等，也经常被用来对两个事物、两个事实、两种观点进行对比。 e.g.: The Prime Minister’s support staff is tiny in comparison with that of a US President.

1. 从真题中透析解题思路

Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.

But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories

because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar than ever before. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any

Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight than our expectation. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt（酵母乳） that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”

1. What lessons did the computer program learn? A. Overeating will cause weight gain B. He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day C. He can’t didn’t eat any fat D. His coach gave him a lecture 综合推理题。根据第二段的“A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. ”推断出B、C、D三项不符合原文内容。

2. Prof. Barbara’s experiment proved that ____. A. two groups ate the same amount of calories B. two groups ate the same amount of yogurt

C. the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group D. people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group 细节理解题。从第三段的“When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the

number of calories we eat per day and gain weight than our expectation.”可以找到答案。

3. According to the author, ____ has less calories.

A. fat B. protein and carbohydrates C. low-fat soups D. sugar

概括归纳题。根据第一段的“Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and

carbohydrates have just four…”。第二段的“because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar than ever before”可以推断出正确答案是B项。

4. What can you infer from the text?

A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nonfat food

B. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates

C. People should avoid temptation

D. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food 综合推理题。文章提及美国人想通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥，可是稍微不注意就会达到反效果，他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。 【Keys】：A D B D

2. 总结：从出题者的角度思考，如何破解阅读理解中的推断题？

※ 英语阅读理解中的推断题在出题时，题干设计常常会有偷换概念的陷进存在，比如以偏概全或是从后向前推测。考生在解题时要仔细甄别题干和问题及选项中的差异，注意对获取的信息进行多维分析，分清前后和大小关系，避免偷换概念的干扰，陷入出题者所设计的“陷进”中，对比原文阅读之后，逐一排除错误选项。

强化练习

I. 请分析下面句子中的比较结构考点。

1. People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock.