英语词汇学课件Chapter 1

100. Words can be classified according to the following criteria EXCEPT __________.

A. notion B. use frequency C. foundation D. origin

101. Words of the basic word stock are characterized with

A. polysemy, productivity, collocability, hyponymy and antonymy

B. collocability, all national character, productivity, stability, and hyponymy C. productivity, polysemy, stability, collocability and antonym

D. all national character, stability, polysemy, productivity and collocabilitv 102. The criteria of words include __________.

A. all national character B. a cluster of letters C. sound unity D. multisyllable

103. The characteristics of native words include __________.

A. neutral in style B. formal in style C. informal in style D. slangy in style

104. __________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.

A. Semantics B. Morphology C. Etymology D. Stylistics

105. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as __________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.

A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal

106. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly __________.

A. colloquial B. informal C. slangy D. formal

107. Semantics is the study of meanings of different __________ levels: lexis, syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.

A. linguistic B. grammatical C. arbitrary D. semantic

108. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on __________ meanings.

A. new B. old C. bad D. good

109. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called __________ word, Preposition, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.

A. content B. notional C. empty D. new

110. Which of the following characteristics of the basic; word stock the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others?

A. Stability. B. Collocability.

C. Productivity. D. All national character.

111. The word \

A. it is a newly-created word from another language B. it has been assimilated into the English language C. it has undergone a semantic change

D. it has retained its original pronunciation and spelling

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112. Which of the following words is a functional word?

A. Five. B. Never. C. But. D. Desk

1. A word is a _________ free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.

2. There is no _________ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.

3. The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is _________.

4. Prepositions, conjunctions, _________ and articles all belong to functional words. Mm

5. All the words in a language make up its _________.

6. According to the degree of _________ and _________ of borrowings, we can bring the loan-words under four classes.

7. The basic word stock is the _________ of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries.

8. Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from _________ in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

9. _________ are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. 10. There are four types of borrowed words: _________, aliens, translation-loans and semantic-loans.

11. The expression of \12. Slang is often used in _________ situations.

13. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _________.

14. Content words are changing all the time whereas _________ words are stable. 15. By _________, words can be classified into native words and borrowed words. 16. Native element refers to the words of _________ origin.

17. The proportion of the use of native words is much _________ than that of borrowings. 18. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are_______________.

19. There is no ________________ relationship between sound and _________ as the connection between them is ____________ and conventional.

20. _____________ are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English. 21. Archaisms are words no longer in ____________ use or ___________ in use.

22. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are __________. ____________ words enjoy a ______________ frequency in use than content words. 23. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called __________.

24. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, studying the origins and __________ of __________ words.

25. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and __________function.

26. In spite of the differences between sound and form, at least __________ percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.

27. All the words in a language make up its __________.

28. The __________ word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. 29. By __________, begin is a native word.

30. __________ vocabulary include cant, jargon and argot.

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31. There is no __________ relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself.

32. __________ are basic units of sentences.

33. Early borrowings are mostly __________ whereas later loan words remain foreign sound and spelling.

33. The __________ approach in lexicology study is concerned with the vocabulary of a language as it exists at a given time.

34. Content words are changing all the time whereas __________ words are stable.

35. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely synchronic and __________. 36. The relationship between the sound and the meaning of a word is __________.

37. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited productivity and __________.

38. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammar and __________.

39. A word is a __________ free form that has a given sound, given and __________ functions. 40. The relationship between __________ and __________ is arbitrary and conventional 41. The basic word stock is the __________ of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries. 42. Words can be grouped into content words and functional words by __________. 43. Content words include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and __________.

44. Functional words, which make up a very __________ number of the vocabulary, remain stable. 45. Prepositions, conjunctions, __________ and articles all belong to functional words. 46. Native element refers to the words of __________ origin. 47. Native words are in style and __________ in use.

48. The proportion of the use of native words is much than that of borrowings.

49. According to the degree of __________ and __________ of borrowing, we can bring the loan?words under four classes.

50. Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from __________ in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.

51. __________are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. 52. There are four types of borrowed words: __________, aliens, translation-loans and semantic- loans.

53. The expression of \

( ) 1. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. ( ) 2. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be intrinsically related.

( ) 3. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.

( ) 4. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary. ( ) 5. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin. ( ) 6. Native words are more popular than foreign words.

( ) 7. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more. ( ) 8. Auld (meaning \( ) 9. Kowtow is a loan word known as an alien. ( ) 10. Long time no see is a case of translation loan.

( ) 11 A word is the minimal meaningful unit of a language.

( ) 12. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary ( ) 13. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related

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( ) 14. In different Languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds.

( ) 15. The introduction of printing press resulted in a lot more differences between sound and form.

( ) 16. The sound and form are consistent all the time.

( ) 17. The work erf scribes is the internal reason for the differences between sound and ( ) 18. All the words in a language make up its vocabulary.

( ) 19. The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.

( ) 20. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one million words. ( ) 21. The principles by which to classify words are usage, notion and origin.

( ) 22. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizen and productivity.

( ) 23. The basic words can form new words with other roots and affixes, which refers to the productivity.

( ) 24. Words belonging to the basic word stock often possess more than one meaning. ( ) 25. Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.

( ) 26. Content words are numerous and more frequendy used than functional words on average. ( ) 27. Native words are more popular than foreign words.

( ) 28. Native words enjoy the same features as the basic word stock and more. ( ) 29. The expression of \

Give a term for each of the following definitions.

1. Sub-standard words often used on informal occasions. ( ) 2. Specialized vocabulary common in certain professions. ( )

3. Words used by sub-cultural groups, particularly by underground society. ( ) 4. Words that have clear notions. ( ) 5. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin. ( )

6. Words borrowed by way of translation. ( ) 7. Old words with new meanings. ( )

8. Words which have become assimilated. ( )

9. Native forms whose meanings are borrowed. ( )

10. Words essential to native speakers' daily communication. ( )

1. Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples. 2. What do you think of the following definitions of \

a) \meaning and is viewed as not being capable of division into smaller independent units. \

b) \space on either side of it but none within it) forming meaningful element of speech, conveying an idea or alternative ideas, and capable of serving as a member of, the whole of, or a substitute for, a sentence.\

3. What are the criteria for classification of words? What are the fundamental features of the basic word stock of the English vocabulary? Why do we say that native words are the core of the English?

4. What are the characteristics of the English vocabulary as a result of its historical development? 5. Why are there so many differences between sound and form?

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