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○ All her valuables were stolen. 主语 谓
类似的词有:pants 短裤,shorts 短裤,trousers 裤子,compasses 两脚规,scissors 剪刀, scales 天平,pliers 钳子,glasses 眼镜,belongings 所有物,doings 行为,savings 储蓄,findings 调查结果,earnings 挣的钱,surroundings 环境,lodgings 住处,overalls 工作服,outskirts
城郊,assets 资产,living-quarters 住所,clothes 衣服,riches 财富,remains 残余,archives 档案,dominoes 骨牌,effects(个人)用品,valuables 珍贵物品,goods 货物。 ⑧ 有些名词只有单形但是复数
○ Many famously successful people have begun from small origins. 定 主 谓 状 ○ The British are conservative.
主 系 表
⑨ 有些名词单复数发生词意变化,如:
○ My previous work experiences help me learn to deal with complex situations and to
定 主 谓 宾 宾补 be patient when working. 状从
when ( I am)working (此为了属于宾补的时间状语) 连 主 谓 ○ His rich experience deserves us studying. 宾格+动名词=动各词的复合结构 定 主 谓 宾语 类似这样的词还有:time 时间 — times 时代,ground — grounds 庭院,rich — riches 财富,blue — blues 忧郁,烦闷,ash — ashes 骨灰,charge 电(负)荷 — charges 费用,
water — waters 矿泉,水域,colour — colours 观点,军旗,work — works 著作,工厂,
force — forces 军队,arm — arms 武器,minute — minutes 记录,iron — irons 烙铁,脚 镣,light — lights 灯,authority 权威 — authorities 当局,custom 习惯 — customs 关税
⑩ 复形名词与定冠词 the
复数名词在什么情况下前面加 the 对许多人来说都是个棘手问题,用错 the 的情况在英 语写作中屡见不鲜。实际上掌握 the 的用法并不难,只要记住下面的几点规则就行了。 Ⅰ.泛指时为零冠词,如: ○ Most people agree that guaranteed human rights are an undeniable prerequisite for 主 谓 宾从 freedom.
that guaranteed human rights are an undeniable prerequisite for freedom 连 定 主 系 定 宾 定
○ Teachers should have knowledge in professional pychology and pedagogy. 主 谓 宾 定 Ⅱ.有限定性修饰语的用 the,如:
○ The films containing much violence may mislead the children.
主 定 谓 宾
○ The changes in the diet in China can be accounted for by several factors.
主 定 定 谓 状
Ⅲ.特指的,加 the,如:
○ The energetic private enterprises possess many advantages to our modernization. 定 主 谓 宾 状 (特指中国的私营企业)
○ According to the diagrams, we get some data of flu epidemic which hit a large 状 主 谓 宾 定 定从
country town in 1995.
which hit a large country town in 1995 主 谓 定 宾 状 二、名词化的形容词作主语
名词化的形容词由 the+形容词构成,作主语时其谓语可单、 可复,视为整体时可用单 数,视为若干个体时为复数,如:
○ The strong in life is decisive and brave enough to put his plan into action.
主 定 系 表 状 (副词短语) ○ The weak in life often try hard to avoid pain and conflict.
主 定 状 谓 状 宾 三、 代词作主语
可以作主语的代词有:
1) 人称代词(主格):we, I, they, you, he, she 人称代词作主语要注意以下二点: ①注意泛指
we, you 可以泛指一般人,they 泛指一些人,如: ○ We should keep calm if we are in danger. 主 系 表 条件状语从句 if we are in danger 连 主 系 表
○ When crossing the street, you should be careful. 状从 主 系 表 When (you are) crossing the street 连 主 谓 宾 ② she 的特殊用法
she 可以指代国家、大地、月亮、船只等,如: ○ China means what she says.
主 谓 宾从 what she says
宾 主 谓
○ I love the land. She always remains in my heart. 主 谓 宾 主 状 系 表
2) 不定代词(指人):nobody, no one, everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, each, all, none,
neither, one
○ Hardly anyone is completely satisfied with their station in life.
状 主 谓 状 谓 宾 定 ○ Everyone understands the importance of knowledge. 主 谓 宾 定
○ Nobody can turn back the wheel of history.
主 谓 宾 定
○ All of us believe that“he bites off more than he can chew.” 主 定 谓 宾从
he bites off more than he can chew 主 谓 宾 状从 he can chew 主 助 谓
译文:贪多嚼不烂
3)不定代词(指物): nothing, everything, something, one, some, any, all, little, few,as ○ But everything in the world has two sides. Watching TV is no exception. 连 主 定 谓 宾 主 系 表(no=not any) ○ All that glitters is not gold. 主 定从 系 状 表
that glitters 主 谓
4) 指示代词作主语,如 this, that, these, those,it
○ Any physical theory is always provisional. In a sense that is only a hypothesis. 定 主 系 状 表 状 主 系 状 表 ○ It calls for tremendous efforts of several generations. 主 谓 定 宾 定 5) 疑问代词 who 作主语
○ Do you know who has made the greatest contribution to the development of our 谓 主 谓 主 谓 定 宾 定
country? 你知道谁对我们国家的发展贡献最大吗? 6) 代词 such
○ Such is human nature. 主 系 表 四、数词作主语
○ 0 and 1 are used to represent binary number. 主 谓 状语 五、动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语,谓语是单数,如: ○ To see is to believe.
主 系 表
○ To be content with little is true happiness.
主 系 定 表
注意:不定式作主语时常用 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语放在谓语之后,如: ○ It is essential to adopt effective measures to correct problems related to excessive 形主系 表 真主 定 deforestation.
注意:不定式的复合结构有两种:
1) for sb. to do 某人做某事怎么样,如: ○ It is important for us to make good use of energy. 形主 系 表 真主
○ To understand the truth of the problem, it is important for us to take actions.
状 形主 系 表 真主
○ It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse. 形主 系 表 真主
whether television is a blessing or a curse 连 主 系 表 1 连 表 2 2) of sb. to do, 如:
○ It is silly (foolish, stupid) of you to neglect English. 形主 系 表 真正主语 六、动名词作主语
动名词作主语时,谓语是单数,如:
○ Determining the root of inappropriate social behavior is just as important 主 定 系 表
as rehabilitating criminal offenders.
状从
just as rehabilitating criminal offenders (is important) 连 主 系 表
○ Opening its gate to the world is a good idea for a country, because it can take in 主 系 表 状 原因状从
splendid cultures and spread its own.
because it can take in splendid cultures and spread its own 连 主 谓 1 宾 1 谓 2 宾 2
连
注意:动名词前面可以用 the 或形容词修饰,如:
○ Under the guidance of the law, I think, the advertising will play a better role in the 状 插入语 主 谓 宾 状
future.
○ The cutting of forest reduces the supply of oxygen.
主 定 谓 宾 定
注意:动名词作主语时也常用 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语置于谓语之后,如: ○ It is no good telling a lie. 形主 系 表 真主
○ It is no use crying in such a circumstance. 形主 系 表 真主
注意:动名词作主语时,该动作发生在谓语之前要用完成式,如:
○ Having passed CET-6 only shows that you master the basic skills in listening, speaking, 主 状 谓 宾从
reading and writing.
that you master the basic skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing 连 主 谓 定 宾 定 注意:动名词复合结构作主语
A. 形容词性的物主代词充当动名词的逻辑主语,如:
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