初一英语阅读理解解题技巧

初一英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解是英语学习中一个很重要的方面，它反映了学生直接应用英语的能力。英语试题中对学生阅读能力的测试主要通过完形填空和阅读理解两种题型。 阅读理解题一般有以下几种形式： 1)根据短文内容，判断正、误 2)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案 3)根据短文内容，回答问题 4)根据短文内容，填写表格

5)根据短文内容，在改写后的短文中填词

阅读理解部分的短文内容非常广泛，有人物传记、政治经济、天文史地、社会文化、科普小品、风土人情、幽默故事及日常生活的各个方面。试题往往就短文中容易误解和忽略之处灵活地提出问题，所用的句型和词语也往往不同于短文中相应部分的句型和词语。 掌握丰富的词汇及必要的语法知识是提高阅读理解能力的先决条件，而了解文化差异及历史背景常常是十分重要的。因此，同学们应该对讲英语国家的风土人情及历史发展有一般的常识，同时对科普、科幻、天文、地理等都要有所了解。你们还必须经常进行大量的各种体裁、各种风格的课外阅读，逐步加快阅读速度，不断增进阅读技巧。下面向同学们介绍 阅读理解的解题步骤和方法： 1.通读全文，掌握大意

做阅读理解题一定要学会通过快速阅读，从整体上理解短文的大意及中心思想，领会

出题人的意图。切忌人为地将短文搞得支离破碎，逐词逐句地去感知材料，看一句或几句做一个题目，这样会影响答题的正确率。但是对于一些长句和难句要作语法分析，以便掌握短文的大意和每个句子的确切含义。短文的开头和结尾往往是全文内容的概括，对理解、推理都会有很大的帮助。 2.细审题意，获取信息

认真审阅文后的理解题。在审题时要弄清楚试题问的是细节（如人物、时间、地点）

还是主题大意；是事实还是观点；是从正面问还是从反面问。看清试题后，带着问题再回到正文中去寻找有关的句子、段落，获取重要的信息。然后把所获得的信息点与所给的答案逐一进行认真的比较，以便作出正确的判断。 3.分层推理，正确答题

有些理解题可以直接从短文中找到答案。有些深层次的理解题在短文中找不到直接的

信息点，要经过分析推理，从已有的信息链中判断文章的意思，即应以短文中提供的间接信息点为依据，根据作者的意图，凭借你们自己的社会文化知识和生活经验，加进短文中所没有明确表述的却又与主题有联系的思想和信息，进行合乎逻辑的推理，从而确定正确的选项。

阅读理解题解题技巧

一、信息错位，表里不一 易错点扫描

1. 阅读文章时信息错位。

2. 把题目考查的内容与文章的信息对应时出错，也就是关键句的确认失误。

（2007年福建福州）Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. …… Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The

Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.

When the Beijing-Shang train runs at 250 kph, the passengers speed _______ on the train.

A. ten hours B. twelve hours C. one day D. two days

【归纳拓展】与时事、新闻有关的材料要求在学习之余，多关注时事，经常浏览报纸、杂志和电视等媒体上的新闻。

二、无据推理，张冠李戴

1．做题时，所作的推理在文章中找不到相应的依据。 2．在文章中找相应的依据时出现张冠李戴的情况。

（２００７年安徽）“Sorry! Maybe I was too hard on you just now.” said the man, “Here’s $10.”

“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” he said happily. Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.

“Why do you want more money since you already have some?” the father shouted angrily.“Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do.” the little boy replied, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”

From the passage, we can infer（推断）that the boy’s father ______. A. often played with his son B. spent little time with his son C. didn’t love his son at all D. often came back home early

【归纳拓展】 做这类题时绝不能粗心，更不能凭空想象，要结合文章的主旨大意，从已知到未知，作出合理的推测。平时练习时，要注意不仅要理解文章的细节，更要理解文章的主旨，这样，才可以作出正确的推理判断。

三、仅凭印象，胡乱猜词

1. 对于生词，抛弃上下文，仅仅根据自己的印象来猜测词义。 2. 没能掌握关键性词语的意思，在判断生词意思的时候出错。 （2007年安徽）“Daddy, could you lend me $10?”

The father was furious, “If you asked for the money to buy a toy or some other rubbish, then go straight to your room and think about why you are being so selfish（自私的）!”…

Then, the boy took out some coins. When the father found that the boy already had money, he got angry again.

In this passage, the underlined word “furious” means ______.

A. very angry B. quite happy C. too excited D. a little nervous

【归纳拓展】 对于词汇题目，一定要根据上下文去确定词义，切忌望文生义。在出现这种题目时，其下文往往有相应的解释：有的以破折号引出，有的以in other words等短语引出，有的以该词的反义形式进行说明，但无论哪种形式，在原文中都会有相应提示，解题时要多注意总结归纳。

四、无视主题，以点带面

1. 阅读时，没能掌握文章的主题或忽视了主题。 2. 做题时，只知其一，不知其二

（2007年重庆）Jack Brown, an office worker, lives in Washington. He inherited (继承)a million dollars when he was 23, but he wasn’t happy at all. …… He gave ﹩10,000 of his money to a charity (慈善机构) to help poor children live a better life. Today he is 36. He still wears cheap shoes and clothes and drives a small car only, but he is very happy.……

What’s the main idea of the story? A. Help others, and you will feel happy.

B. It’s necessary to write letters to poor children. C. Live a simple life, and you can give others help.

D. It’s the most important to help the children in Africa.

【归纳拓展】 对这类文章主题思想归纳题，同学们应注意揣摩作者的写作意图以及文章的主旨，切忌片面、狭隘引申或简单重述文中某些内容，从而避免其他干扰项的影响。

阅读理解易错点拨

1．如何获取段落的主旨和大意

获取段落主旨和大意，最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：

（1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其他主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。 （2）句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。

（3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释支撑主题句所表述的主题思想。 2. 如何根据上下文猜测词义

猜测词义也是一种英语阅读能力。英语阅读试题中有不少这样的题目。猜测词义时，我们可以从三个方面来考虑：（1）根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑性推理；（2）运用语法知识进行语法分析；（3）依靠常识和经验做出判断。

根据上下文猜测词义的方法有下列几种：

①根据定义或解释猜测词义。如：A bag is useful and the word “bag” is useful. It gives us some interesting phrases. One is “to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”…Now when someone lets out a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag”.

John “lets the cat out of the bag”means he _______.

A. makes everyone know a secret. B. makes a woman buy a cat.

C. buys a cat in the bag.

D. sells the cat in the bag.

②根据并列、同位关系猜测词义。

In the northeast of the United States, summer temperatures are very different from winter temperatures. Summer is usually hot, and winter is usually cold. Spring temperatures are warm, and fall temperatures are cool. The word “fall” in this passage means ______. A. drop B. down C. autumn D. spring