2017-2018学年高中英语译林版必修三教学案：Unit 2 Section 5

Ⅰ.Choose the best answers according to The development of Chinese characters.

1．The main difference between the Chinese language and many Western languages should be that ________ according to the passage.

A．Western languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countries

B．the characters the Chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words, while Western languages can't

C．the Chinese language has a longer history than Western languages

D．the Chinese language is easier to be understood than the English language

2．From the story of Cang Jie we know the first Chinese characters were invented to represent ________.

A．objects B．ideas C．actions D．pictures

3．How many kinds of Chinese characters are mentioned in the passage? A．1. B．2. C．3. D．4.

4．Which is the correct explanation about the forming of the character “休”？ A．A man lying on the ground with his arms crossed. B．A man lying against a tree. C．A man running.

D．A tree lying beside a man.

5．The passage is mainly talking about ________. A．how the Chinese characters were invented B．how the Chinese characters have developed

C．how the Chinese characters have been influenced by Western languages D．how the simplified Chinese characters were introduced 答案：1.B 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B

Ⅱ.Fill in each blank with no more than three words.

The development of Chinese characters Brief introduction to Chinese characters ?The Chinese language uses 1.characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. ?Chinese words are formed by 2.putting_together different characters. ?Chinese 3.writing began thousands of years ago. ?A man named Cang Jie thought different shapes or pictures could be used to 4.represent__different_objects． The origins of Chinese characters ?The first Chinese characters were 5.drawings of physical objects. The formation ?The characters have developed from drawings into 6.standard__forms． and development of ?Characters were made by 7.combining two or more characters together. Chinese characters ?Other characters were developed for 8.directions and numbers. Pronunciation Simplified Chinese characters One part of a character indicates the meaning and the other suggests the 9.pronunciation． They were 10.introduced by the Chinese government in the 1950s. Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．He hunted (搜寻) for a lost book and finally found it. 2．This painting represents (展现) a hunting scene.

3．People who cannot distinguish (区别) between colours are said to be colour-blind.

4．She has many shortcomings (缺点), but we're all very fond of her. 5．Her eyesight (视力) grew so bad that she could hardly see. 6．The little boy was being dragged (拖) away from the toy store.

7．Deeds (行动) are better than words when people are in need of help. Ⅱ.拓展词汇

8．differ vi.相异，有区别→difference n．差别，不同→different adj.不同的，有差别的→differently adv.不同地，有差别地

9．appearance n．外观，外貌→appear vi.出现；出场 10．drawing n．绘画，绘画艺术→draw v．绘画，画

11．simplify vt.简化→simplification n．简化→simple adj.简单的 12．combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．组合 13．indicate vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示→indication n．征兆，迹象；指示→indicator n．指示者；指示器，显示器

14．press vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力 n．报刊；新闻界；出版社→pressure n．压力；挤压；压强；压迫(感)

15．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便，便利→inconvenient adj.不方便的 16．practical adj.切实可行的，实用的→practically adv.讲究实际地；从实际出发地→practice n．实际；练习；惯例；实习→practise v．实践；实习，练习

[巧记单词] 词根 appear simple convenient 词形变化 appearance simplify convenience 构词点拨 动词＋-ance构成名词 形容词变e为i＋-fy构成动词 形容词变t为ce构成形容词

Ⅲ.补全短语 1．differ from 与……不同，不同于 2．as a whole 作为整体，总体上 3．stand for 代表，象征 4．instead of 代替，而不是 5．turn into 变成 6．think of 想到

7．in the 1950s 在二十世纪五十年代 8．as a result of 由于

1．[教材原句]Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. 并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。

[句型点拨]部分否定。

[佳句赏析]Not all birds fly away to the south in winter. 冬天不是所有的鸟都飞往南方。 2．[教材原句]Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation.

于是就产生了另外一种方法：字的一部分表意，而另一部分表音。 [句型点拨]have sb. do ... “让某人做……”。

[佳句赏析]If you can't work out this problem, you can have your brother help you. 如果你解不出这道题，你可以让你的兄弟帮助你。

3．[教材原句]While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.

虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法非常有趣，但这个系统太复杂而不实用。 [句型点拨]be of＋n.(抽象名词)结构。

[佳句赏析]Basic research is of great importance in all scientific fields. 在各个科学领域里，基础研究是非常重要的。

[课 文 对 译]

The development of Chinese characters

The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.

Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops together.This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.

Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. For example, ‘rest’ was made up of the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’ was formed with a ‘man’ inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’ and ‘down’， which are opposites of each other.

Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.

In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China's mainland.

汉字的演变

汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示观点、物体或行为。汉语中的汉字是通过把不同的汉字组合而构成的。在许多情况下，单个的汉字也可以构成一个单词。通过考察汉语中单个汉字的发展过程就可以明白汉语的历史。

汉字书写起始于数千年前。根据古代传说，一个名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。冬季的一天，他在打猎的时候看到雪地上的动物的足迹，并注意到每个足迹的外观是不同的。于是，他想到可以用不同的形状代表不同的物体。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，有些汉字被简化了，有些变得更复杂。然而，整体上看，汉字已经从图画的形式发展成为了标准形式。汉字“山”起初是三座在一起的山峰，接着变为一座山峰和三条线条，随着时间推移又变成了我们今天使用的汉字。

并非所有的汉字都从物体的图画演变而来。有时，为了表达想法，有些汉字是结合了两个或更多的符号。例如，“休”是由汉字“人”和“树”结合在一起而构成的。“囚”则表示把“人”的符号放在一个方格里面。还有一些汉字是为了表示方向和数字的。只看外形就能容易地辨别其含义。例如，互为反义词的汉字“上”和“下”。

尽管这些类型的汉字能表达意义，但它们的缺点之一就是其字形不具有表音的功能。因此，一种把表意部分和表音部分结合起来的造字法产生了。目前使用的许多汉字就是用这种方法造出来的。

在20世纪50年代，中国政府推行简化汉字，现在，简化汉字已在中国内地广泛使用。

The Story of Braille

Usually, when we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written in ink on paper. However, this is not always true. For example, blind people cannot see, but they can still read books.

The man who introduced blind people to reading was Louis Braille (1809－1852). Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of an injury. When he was ten, he went to a school for the blind in Paris. In those days, books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. Since the metal wire was heavy, each book weighed as much as 100 pounds. The whole system was not convenient for use.Indeed, the school library only had fourteen such books in it.

In 1821, a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle. His system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers. Each letter of the alphabet was represented by a different pattern which consisted of twelve dots. The soldiers would drag their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.

While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use. However, young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on it. At the age of fifteen, he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter. ‘Braille’， the system for reading used today by blind people around the world, was thus born.

The blind can easily recognize Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter. Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing, and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version of Braille for its people to use.

布莱叶盲文的故事

通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不一定总是这样。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。

将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶(1809－1852)。布莱叶在三岁时因为受伤而失明。十岁时，他进入巴黎一所盲人学校就读。那时候，供盲人阅读的书籍是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅，整个系统使用起来非常不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。

1821年，一位士兵参观学校时向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个