英语句子成分结构详解《主谓宾定状补同位语分析》

英语句子成分结构详解

主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，表语 是句子成份

①主语：The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing. Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

用于说明人或事物执行某一动作，表明“谁”或“什么”。常由名词、代词和数词来担任。 ②谓语：She likes music． 说明主语的动作或状态，表明“做什么”或“是什么”。常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当。 ③宾语1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two. We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said? 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。如：

He learns English well．他英语学得好。（作动词宾语） I'm interested in handwriting．我对书法很感兴趣。（作介词宾语）

④补语：We elected him monitor. We will make them happy.

Please make yourself at home. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired. 说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。常由名词、形容词等词类来担任。如： The teacher named me Lucy．（名词作补语） Very loud noises can make people ill．（形容词作补语）

⑤表语：He is a teacher. Seventy-four! You don’t look it.

Five and five is ten. He is asleep.

The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost.

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. The question is whether he will come.

放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分，表明“什么”，“怎么样”。多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任。如： She looks nice．（形容词作表语） Ann is in the classroom．（介词短语作表语） ⑥定语：用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分，表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当。如：

Tom is a handsome boy. My friend is a middle school student． The man with black glasses liked sweet food． There is nothing to do today

⑦状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；

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英语语句基本结构分析：

1．S十V句式: 主谓结构

在此句式中，V是不及物动词， (vi．)例如： He runs quickly．

They listened carefully．

He suffered from cold and hunger． China belongs to the third world country． The gas has given out．

2．S十V十P句式:主系表结构

在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks． The story sounds interesting． The desk feels hard． The cake tastes nice．

The flowers smell sweet and nicc． You have grown taller than before． He becomes a teacher when he grew up． 3．S十V十O句式: 主谓宾结构

在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如： I saw a film yesterday． Have you read the story? They found their home easily． They built a house last year．

They've put up a factory in the village． They have taken good care of the children．

4．S十V十O1十O2句式: 主谓双宾结构

在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如： He gave me a book/a book to me． He brought me a pen/a pen to me． He offered me his seat/his seat to me． 5．S十V十O十C句式: 主谓宾补结构 They made the girl angry．

They found her happy that day． I found him out． I saw him in．

They named the boy Charlie． I saw him come in and go out．

They felt the car moving fast．

I heard the glass broken just now．

He found the doctor of study closed to him．

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