新视野大学英语第三版第二册课文语法讲解 Unit3

新视野三版读写B2U3TextAJourneythroughtheodysseyyears

1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild'sneedtolearn,theadult'sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior'sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.2Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.

3Inprevioustimes,peopledidn'thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.Thenduringthiscareertheywouldstartafamily,ideallybeforetheyturned30.

4Todaywehaveanequivalentneedtorecognizeanewphaseoflifethatcomesafterhighschoolgraduation,continuesthroughcollege,andthenleadstostartingafamilyandhavingacareer,theso-calledodysseyyears.Recenttrends

show

radical

changes

as

young

people

are

following

a

differentagenda.Theytakebreaksfromschool,livewithfriendsandoftenreturntolivingwiththeirparents.Similarly,theyfallinandoutoflove,quitonejobandtryanotherorevenshifttoanewcareer.So,weneedtorecognizethisnewstage,theodysseyyears,whichmanynowconsidertobeanunavoidablestageinreachingadulthood.

5Peoplewhowerebornpriortothe60sor70sinthelastcenturytendedtoframetheirconceptofadulthoodbaseduponachievingcertainaccomplishments:movingawayfromhome,becomingfinanciallyindependent,findingtherightspouseandstartingafamily.Butthatemphasisonstabilitydidnotremainstatic.Today,youngpeopleareunlikelytodothesame.Duringtheodysseyyears,ahighproportionofyoungpeoplearedelayingmarriage,childbearing,andevenemployment.

6Theodysseyyearscansaddleyoungpeoplewithenormouspressuretomoveforwardquickly.Asthesoleheirandfocusoftheirparents'expectations,hopesanddreams,somereactwithrebelliousandpridefulattitudesand

behaviortowardtheirparents.Theyoftenresentthepressurethey'refeelingandkeepadistancefromtheirparentsorevenrunawayfromhome.Theirconfusioncomesfromthedifficultiestomakeparentsunderstandthemandthefluidjourneyofdiscoverytheyneedinthisphaseoftheirlives.Togetawayfromthisconfusionandupset,manyyoungpeopleresorttocomputergames,iPods,iPhones,oriPads,tohelpdistractthemfromtheirpainandstress.7

Likewise,

their

parents

are

feeling

more

anxious.

They

may

makeallowancesforatransitionphasefromstudentlifetoadultlife,buttheygetupsetwhentheyseethetransitionoftheirgrownchildren'slivesmovingawayfromtheirexpectationsandstretchingfiveyearstosevenyears,andbeyond.Theparentsdon'tevendetectaclearsenseofdirectionintheirchildren'slives.Theylookatthemandseethethingsthatarebeingdelayed.8It'shardtopredictwhat'snext.Newguidelineshaven'tbeenestablishedyet,andeverythingseemstogivewaytoalesspermanentversionofitself.There'sbeenashiftinthestatusandbalanceofpowerbetweenthegenders,too.Morewomenaregettingdegreesthanmen.Malewageshaveremainedstableoverthepastdecades,whilefemalewageshaveboomed.9

Apart

from

anything

else,

this

has

had

an

implicit

effect

on

courtship.Educatedwomencangetmanyofthethingstheywant,suchassecurity,accomplishment,andidentitywithoutmarriage.However,bothgendersarehavingahardertimefindingsuitablematestobuildtheirliveswith.Consideringallofthis,it'sbeneficialtoknowthateventhoughgraduatesaredelayingmanythingsaftercollege,surveysshowtheystillholdhighlytraditionalaspirations.Forexample,thiscontemporarygenerationratesparenthoodevenmorehighlythanpreviousgenerationsdid!

10Thisnewphasewilllikelygrowmorepronouncedinthecomingyears.Nationsaroundtheworldhavewitnessedsimilartrendstowarddelayingmarriageandspendingmoreyearsthanevershiftingbetweenhighereducationandsettlingdownwithacareerandfamily.

11Nevertheless,graduatesshouldn'tbedeceivedintothinkingtheycanbackoffsimplybecausethingshavebecomemoredifficult.Alargenumberofpeoplechasingrelativelyfeweropportunitiescancreatestrongcompetitivepressure.So,fromtheoutset,keepyourrésuméprofessionalandup-to-date.12Toreinforcethisessentialmessage,successmovingthroughtheodysseyyearswillcometothosewhodon'texpecttoachievetheirgoalsrightawaybutknowthattheymusthavethestrength,capacityandconfidencetoendureoverthelongterm.Ifyou'realittlelatewithyourgoals,don'tfeellikeafailure!Stay

strong,bepositive,andkeepfocused!Somedayyouwilllookbackandwonderatthevastchangesasyoupassedthroughtheodysseyyears.

LanguagePoints:

1Mostofusknowaboutthephasesoflifewhichwelabeltoparalleldifferentagegroupsandlifestages:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.(Para.1)Meaning:Mostofusknowaboutthedifferentlifestagesthatwedescribeaccordingtodifferentagegroups:childhood,adolescence,adulthood,andoldage.2Wethinkofinfancybeforechildhoodandmiddleagebeforeoldage,witheachuniquephasebringingitsownpeculiarsetofchallenges.(Para.1)Meaning:Wesequencethelifestagesofinfancy,childhood,middleageandoldageaccordingtotheirnaturalorder,witheachparticularlifestagefacingitsownfeaturedchallenges.Sentencestructurenote:“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”作独立主格结构“with＋名词/代词＋现在分词”构成独立主格结构，主要用作状语，可以表示伴随、方式、原因、时间等。with之后的名词和其后的现在分词构成主谓关系，其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如：Shesatdownatthetable,witheachdishemittingadelicioussmell.她在餐桌旁坐了下来，每道菜都散发出扑鼻的香味。（状语表示伴随）Thegirlsattherequitesilentwithhereyesfixingonthewall.女孩坐在那里一言不发，目不转睛地盯着墙壁。（状语表示方式）Withourfoodrunningout,wehadtowalktoavillageforhelp.由于我们的食物即将吃完，我们不得不步行到一个村子寻求帮助。（状语表示原因）Withsummercoming,itisbecominghotterandhotter.随着夏季来临，天气变得越来越热。（状语表示时间）Usagenote:peculiar,characteristic,unusualpeculiar,characteristic和unusual都可用作形容词，都含有表示“有特点的；有特色的”等意思，但有细微差别。1从词义上说，peculiar着重“独特性”，强调“与众不同的”特征；characteristic常强调所指性质的典型性,也可以表示这些性质使某一事物区别于其他的事物；unusual强调“少见的”，与通常的情况“截然不同的”或“未曾预料的”特征。例如：Thewinehasapeculiartaste.这种酒有种独特的味道。It’scharacteristicofherthatshenevercomplained.从来不发牢骚是她的个性。Itwasnotunusualformetocomehomeattwoorthreeinthemorning.凌晨两三点回家对我来说是很平常的事。2从用法上说，peculiar通常和介词to搭配，表示“为某人或某物所特有”；characteristic通常和介词of搭配，表示“某物或某人有…特性、特征、特色”；unusual通常和介词for搭配，表示“对…不同寻常”。例如：Greatmindsingenerallookatlifeinawaypeculiartothemselves.一般来说，伟大的思想家都以自己独特的眼光来看待生活。Withthefriendlyandgenerouscaresocharacteristicofthesepeople,theyopenedtheirhousetoover50guests.这些人以特有的友好和慷慨关爱，在家接待了50多位客人。It’snotunusualforteenagerstogothroughaphasewhentheyfeelashamedoftheirparents,afraidthattheymightnotliveuptotheirfriends’standards.青少年经历为自己的父母感到羞愧的阶段是很平常的，他们生怕自己的父母达不到他们朋友所设的标准。Heaskedmeiftherewasanythingunusualaboutthemanwhohadrobbedme,butIcouldn'taccuratelydescribetheman.他问我那个抢劫了我的男人是否有什么不寻常之处，但我不能准确地描述那个男子。3Thesechallengescanbeovercomebyacquaintingourselveswiththem,suchasthechild’sneedtolearn,theadult’sneedtofindtherightcareerandbuildafamily,andthesenior’sneedforsupportandgoodhealthcare.(Para.1)Meaning:Byfamiliarizingourselveswiththeparticularchallengessuchastheneedsfordifferentagegroups:child,adult,andsenior,wecansurelyovercomeallthesechallenges.Meaningbeyondwords:Ifwestaypositiveandoptimistic,we’llsuccessfullyhandlethechallengesatdifferentlifestages.4Interestingly,ideasaboutthestagesoflifearechanging.(Para.2)Meaningbeyondwords:Sincethesentencestatesthattheideasaboutlifestagesarechanging,it’spredictablethatthefollowingtextwillfocusonthistopic.5Inprevioustimes,peopledidn’thaveasolidideaofchildhoodasbeingseparatefromadulthood.Ahundredyearsago,noonethoughtofadolescence.(Para.3)Meaning:Inthepast,peopledidn’thaveaclearconceptaboutseparatingchildhoodfromadulthood.Childrenweresimplyseenasyoungsters.Likewise,peopledidn’tthinkaboutthelifestageofadolescenceahundredyearsago.6Untilrecentlyitwasunderstoodasanormthattheirinductiontoadulthoodwascompletedassoonastheygraduatedfromcollege.Theywouldnowfindasensiblejobwhichwouldleadtoacareer.(Para.3)