提高中学生英语阅读能力

3.2.2 Grasping the Minor Processes of Word Formation 3.2.2.2 Blending

Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new is formed by combining parts of two or more words, or a word plus a part of another word, e.g. brunch(breakfast+lunch). As far as the morphological structure is concerned, blending fall into four categories: channel+tunnel=chunnel, situation+comedy=sitcom, travel+catalogue=travelogue, medical+care=medicare. Since blending is mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and newspaper and magazines, so teachers should strengthen the side so that students can better understand the meaning of science, magazine and so on.

3.2.2.2 Initialism

By initalism is meant a word-formation process during which only the initial letters of words or sometimes initial syables, are put together and used as words, e.g. IOC (International Olympic Committee), ID(Identification card), TB(tuberculosis), ROM(read only memory).

3.2.2.3 Clipping

Clipping involves the type of word-formation device in which only part of the stem is retained, including the beginning, the end, the middle and major consonants are retained, e.g. lab(laboratory), fridge(refrigerator), dept(department).

3.2.3 Guessing The Meanings of Unknown Words from Context Clues

In an article, there are lots of words or sentences which students can’t understand effectively. By utilizing the information provided by context clues is rather timely and important for frustrated readers. Developing some skills of analyzing context clues, students will not only increase their reading speed, but also add their limited vocabulary.

3.2.3.1 Text Clues

Students can guess the unknown words by the definition of the text. For example, if you suffer from insomnia habitual inability to sleep, you should go to see the doctor”, we can guess that the word “insomnia” means“people often feel hard to

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sleep” by analyzing carefully. And students can guess the meaning of the words with the help of contrast. “Jane is slender while Mary is stout. The “stout” in the sentence can be guessed the meaning from the “slender” by contrast of “slender” meaning of strong.

3.2.3.2 Experience Clues

All students have read lots of articles accumulating plentiful experience as they increasingly grow up. Most of time, students learn to put their practical experience into their reading comprehension, especially when the article on the newest invention or economic affairs they read hard to understand, which greatly contribute to improving the reading abilities. So students in daily life ought to read more English reading materials. For example, English newspapers which possess timeliness, education, practicability and interest. And English newspapers can make up the deficiency of teaching material lagging behind situation so that can arouse students reading interest and then cultivate the autonomous reading habit just like virtuous cycle.

3.3Cultivating of English Reading Skills 3.3.1Skimming and Scanning

Skimming means reading very quick to understand the general idea of full text. In doing reading comprehension test, skimming is the best suitable. Especially, before answering the problem, students usually use skimming to have a round understand. When students are faced with a little difficult article, they usually lose interests to finish the reading because of hard to go on reading. At this time, skimming is the most efficient and useful way, which can satisfy students’ curiosity without spending much time on it. It is important for students to quickly find the topic sentence. If students find the topic sentence of every paragraph, they will grasp the centre of whole-length. Certainly, there are all kinds of text clues such as topic sentences of paragraphs, repeated words or words of appearing in special type, which students should look for these clues. Teachers should often raise some indicative question to promote students looking for like topic sentence.

Scanning is a useful reading skills as well that resembles scanning very much. Students can search the important and concrete details by scanning several lines, a

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paragraph or a whole text. It is looking for some particular information rapidly without reading word by word. Scanning should go on after skimming because using scanning will decrease the blindness of looking up vital details after reading full text firstly. Teachers should guide students how to find a piece of particularly accurate information by using the scanning, such as putting forward some questions such as “What does “insomnia” mean?”. When students answer these questions, teachers should give them some instruction.

3.3.2 Analysis of the Complicated Sentence Pattern

A complete article is consisted of brief and complicated sentences. To a certain degree, an article hard to understand mostly because of non-comprehension some complicated sentences. We can come to a conclusion that it is exceedingly urgent for students to improve the capacity of analyzing the complicated long sentence. For example: “The idea that people who were strangers to America, have discarded the cultures and customs of their original. In a sense, countries original countries and have become “America” is really not true.” This sentence has a little long. If students can find “the idea” standing for subject, “is really not true” standing for predicate, including “who” leading an attributive clause, they consequently make this sentence clearly and the meaning of the sentence is not hard to understanding. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention on instructing students how to analyze a complicated sentence and students must do more analysis of sentences correspondingly.

3.3.3 Increasing the Reading Speed

As a student, the time of examination is limited very strictly, so the reading compression abilities are embodied during the limited time. To get high scores, students must increase the reading speed. Undoubtedly, it is extremely urgent for students to do scientific reading training to get the central idea and seek main literal messages. Students can choose the way of intensive reading, extensive reading and descriptor index method to seek relevant information and gasp the probable context of full text.

Due to limited time, they have to learn how to make use of extensive reading masterly. Absolutely, they can’t ignore the intensive reading. The extensive reading has great influence on reading speed, enlarging the scope with training, which asks

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students sparing no efforts to practice. They must require themselves finish reading within a limited time and reduce their fixation time on hindrance. Students should form a habit of browsing information quickly and pick up requisite information. They must discard the vice of reading back to look up something important they think. The more materials students read as themselves as they can, the faster they will read.

Chapter 4 Conclusion

In modern times, English has become a worldwide language in all fields including international politics, business, technology and diplomacy. Undoubtedly, students learn English not only for attaining a good mark in the examination, but also for achieving the long-term goals of developing in all their lives. The improvement of

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