人教版八年级英语下册Unit 1-6 知识点总结

人教版八年级下册英语知识总结

Unit 1 一、

have a (high) fever发（高）烧 without thinking twice没有多想 have a cough咳嗽 get off下车 have a toothache牙疼 have a heart problem有心脏病 talk too much说太多 thanks to多亏，由于 have a (bad) cold（重）感冒 in time及时 on time准时 have a stomachache胃疼 get into trouble遇到麻烦 have a sore back背疼 right away立刻，马上 lie down and rest躺下休息 put a bandage on sth.用绷带包扎 hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶 run sth. under water在水流下冲洗r see a dentist看牙医 feel sick感到恶心 take one’s temperature量体温 have a nosebleed流鼻血 put some medicine on sth.敷药 put one’s head back头后仰 cut oneself割伤某人自己 get hit on the head头部受撞击 sound like听起来像 mountain climbing登山运动 in the same way以同样的方式 be in control of掌握，管理 take breaks休息 in a difficult situation在困境中 go along沿着…走 lose one’s life 丧命 on the side of the road在马路边上 take risks冒险 shout for help大声呼救 give advice提建议 二、 1. back

n. 背，背部 at the back of…在…的后面

adv. 回原处，往回去 go/get back返回 give back 归还

2. hand

n. 手 hand in hand 手拉手

v. 交给，传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发

3. with prep.

具有，表示某物具有某种特征 反义词 without

coffee with sugar 加糖的咖啡 China is a country with long history. 和…在一起 talk/play with sb. I like to talk freely with my friends. 用…，使用某种工具 Cut it with a knife. Write with a pen. 作状语 He came in with a big smile.

4. need v. 需要，用于肯定句是实义动词 作为情态动词仅用于否定结构和疑问句或if/weather引导的宾语从句 need sth. 需要某物 I need your help.

人做主语sb. need to do sth.某人需要做某事 Do you need to drink more water? 物做主语 sth. need doing sth.=sth. need to be done 表被动

The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired. needn’t = don’t have to 没必要 mustn’t 禁止 Must I hand it in today? No, you needn’t. You can do it tomorrow.

5. lie→lay（过去式）→lain（过去分词）→lying（现在分词）躺，卧 to lie on your back/side/front 仰/侧/俯卧 lie→lied→lied-lying 撒谎 She lies about her age.

lay→laid→laid→laying 下蛋，产卵The cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds’ nests.

6. sick/ill adj. 生病的

sick 可放be（系动词）后作表语，也可放名词前作定语 be sick of 讨厌，厌恶…. sick person = patient 病人

ill只能放在be（系动词）后作表语 be ill in hospital 生病住院

7. advice （不可数名词）建议，意见 a piece of advice/some advice advice on sth. 对某事的建议

advise v. advise sb. to do sth He advised me to take a holiday. advise doing sth. He advised taking a holiday.

8. run v.

跑步 Running is good for health. 经营 run a company 经营公司 流动，流淌 tears run from eyes

9. order

v. 命令 order sb. To do sth.命令某人做某事

The general ordered the army to put up tents. 将军命令军队搭帐篷。 预订,点，叫（饭菜等） Atanas ordered a salad from the local restaurant. in order to/that...为了...;以便....

n. 顺序，次序 keep in order

10. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事

be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事

11. sth. run out (物作主语) / sb. run out of sth （人作主语）

The gas runs out.=We run out of the gas.

12. mean to do sth. 打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着... Making money doesn’t mean getting happiness.

13. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事了 see sb. doing sth看到某人正在做某事

14. find it +adj.+to do sth. 发现做某事怎么样

She found it difficult to keep fit.

15. give up 放弃 give in屈服 give out 分发

三、反身代词 1. 构成

第一、二人称的反身代词构成：形容词性物主代词+self/selves 单数 myself我自己 yourself你自己 复数 ourselves我们自己 yourselves你们自己 · 第三人称的反身代词构成：第三人称宾格+self/selves

单数 himself herself itself 他/她/它自己 复数 themselves 他们自己

2. 不能单独作主语，可以作主语的同位语，起强调作用 （误）Myself can finish my homework.

（正）I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 3. 常见搭配：

enjoy oneself = have fun=have a good time 玩得高兴

teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 introduce oneself to 自我介绍 by oneself = alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃

Unit 2 一、

clean up打扫 come true实现 cheer up使…高兴 try out试用；试行 give/hand out分发 try out for参加…选拔（试演） give away捐赠 be busy with sth.忙于某事 volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事 be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 come up with提出；想出 take after与…像 used to过去常常 fix up维修 be used to doing sth.习惯做某事 disabled people残疾人 put up张贴；搭建；举起 make a difference有影响，起作用 put off推迟 right away/at once立刻，马上 old people’s home养老院 set up 建立，设立 care for照顾 be similar to…与…相似 at the age of…在…年纪时 the look of joy快乐的表情 二、

1. help v./n. 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的，热心的

help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 with/under the help of…在某人帮助下

help oneself/sb. (to sth.) 为自己、某人取用…

Can I help you to some more salad?

help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境 He is always willing to help out. can’t help doing sth.=can’t help but do sth. 情不自禁做…

I can’t help thinking that he knows more than he has told us.

2. sound/noise/voice区别

sound 指自然界中所有的声音，可悦耳也可噪音 We heard a strange sound. noise 指喧闹、嘈杂声等 Please stop making so much noise. voice 指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话、唱歌等） I could hear voices in the next room.

3. alone/lonely 区别

alone=by oneself 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩

lonely 指人孤独、寂寞，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方偏僻，人迹罕至 His grandparents live alone in a small house, but they don’t feel lonely.

4. such/so 区别

such adj. 修饰名词

1) such a/an+形容词+可数名词单数 such a cold day.

2) such+除many/few外的形容词+可数名词复数 such cold days. 3) such+除much/little外的形容词+不可数名词 such cold water

4) no/any/some/all/many等+such+名词 There is no such thing as a free lunch. so 程度副词 修饰形容词或副词

1) so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 so cold a day. 2) so+many/few+可数名词复数 so many books 3) so+much/little+不可数名词 so much money

注意：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用such，不能用so;但若复数名词或不可数名词前有many, few, little, much修饰时，只能用so,不能用such。

5. achieve/come true 区别

achieve 后接宾语，主语一般为人He had finally achieved success.

come true 后不接宾语，主语一般是梦想，理想 Finally, her dream came true.

6. repair/fix/mend 区别

repair的对象范围广，强调受到损失或失灵的东西恢复其形状或功能。 Who has repaired the broken leg of the table?

fix强调把松散的部件固定结实，与repair无多大区别。 Can you fix the broken chair?

mend恢复某物原来的样子（包括用针、线缝补），一般指较小之物。 This shirt is too old to mend.

7. imagine+n./Ving/pron.

想象，设想 She imagined earning much money. 误以为，猜测 He always imagines that we are talking about him behind his back. 料想，认为 Can we still buy tickets for the concert? I imagine so.

8. care for 照顾；喜欢 take care of=look after照顾 care about 关心