北师大版高中英语选修七nit 21 Human Biology.doc

高中英语学习材料

***鼎尚图文理制作***

nit 21 Human Biology

Warm-up

一、学习词汇

1. kidney n. 肾脏 与身体有关的词汇：

brain 脑；eye 眼睛, cheek 脸颊, jaw 颌， forehead 额，eyebrow 眉毛， lip 嘴唇

body身体: neck脖子，shoulder 肩膀，chest 胸，stomach 腹，back 背，waist腰，knee膝盖heart 心脏, bone 骨头, liver肝脏, lungs肺, skin皮肤, wrist手腕, fingers手指 2. interval n. 间隔；间歇 inter- (前缀) 表“…间”，“相互的”之意， interact vi. 互动interchange n. 互通式立体交叉 intercultural adj. 在不同文化间的 international adj. 国际的 at 20-minute intervals = at intervals of 20 minutes 每隔20分钟 at intervals （1）时时 （2）处处 3. circulate vi. 循环

Blood circulates through [in] the body. 血液在人体内循环。 circulation n. 循环 4. pump vt. & vi. 用泵抽出（注入）

pump n.. draw water with a pump 用水泵抽水 a bicycle pump 自行车的打气筒 5. digest vt. 消化 I can’t digest milk. 我喝牛奶不能消化。 digestion n. digestive adj.

6. mineral n. 矿物 mine n. 矿山 a coal mine 煤矿 a gold mine 金矿

mineral oil 矿物油 mineral water 矿泉水 a country rich in minerals 矿藏丰富的国家 7．swap vi. 交换 （常用于口语） for sth. 与某物 with sb. 与人

8. hearing n. 听觉 His hearing is poor. = He is hard of hearing. 他的听觉不好。

five senses (五种感官)：sight 视觉，hearing 听觉，smell 嗅觉，taste 味觉，touch 触觉 9. pulse n. 脉搏 have a weak ( an irregular) pulse 脉搏微弱（不规则）

二、讨论书上的那幅画。

我们可以这样提问：

1. How many parts of body can you see in this picture? 2. What are the parts of the body?

3. Can you describe the function of each part of the body?

例如：This is the brain, through which we can think and memorize something. It is inside our

head and it can control the way we think, feel and move. Key words: 参看学习词汇。

三、听力训练。

听下面五段短文，在横线上填入所缺的单词或词组：

1. This organ weighs about a kilo and is ________________ two sides . It is like a super computer that _____________ information .

2. This is about the size of a closed hands. Its job is to _______________the food we eat so that we have energy and can be ____________ and strong .

3. This organ beats _______________ times a day . With each beat it moves 80 milliliters of blood – that’s 8,000 liters of blood per day ! It __________ blood into the lungs, where it receives _____________ , before being pumped around the rest of the body . 4. This is very delicate organ . It’s moved by 6 muscles and ______________ various different layers . Light enters and reaches special light ____________ cells .This works like a camera and finally sends_____________ to the brain .

5. These organs ____________ oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide. They are situated on either side of the heart . They receives air as a result of __________ and when blood passes through. They give it oxygen. 答案：

1. made up of，processes 2. break down，healthy 3. 100,000，pumps，oxygen 4. consists of, sensitive, signals 5. absorbs, breathing 附：听力材料

1. This organ weighs about a kilo and is made up of two sides . It is like a super computer that processes information .

2. This is about the size of a closed hands. Its job is to break down the food we eat so that we have energy and can be healthy and strong .

3. This organ beats 100,000 times a day . With each beat it moves 80 milliliters of blood – that’s 8,000 liters of blood per day ! It pumps blood into the lungs , where it receives

oxygen , before being pumped around the rest of the body .

4. This is very delicate organ . It’s moved by 6 muscles and consists of various different layers . Light enters and reaches special light sensitive cells .This works like a camera and finally sends signals to the brain .

5. These organs absorbs oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide . They are situated on either side of the heart . They receives air as a result of breathing and when blood passes through. They give it oxygen . .

四、小组合作学习。根据下面问题谈论那些是健康的生活方式。

我们可以这样提问：

1. How can we live a healthy life? 2. How often do you clean your teeth? 3. How often do you do physical exercise? 4. How often do you eat sweets or chocolate?

5. How many pieces of fresh fruit do you eat per day?

6. How many hours do you sleep per night and have your brain rest? 7. What are the bad effects of smoking?

8. Is it wise for us to swim on a full stomach or eat too much? Why？

我们可以这样回答。

In order to be healthy, we should form good habits, such as brushing our teeth, eating more fruits and fewer sweets and doing physical exercise. Only in this way can we lead a healthy and happy life. …

参看教材P33第4部分。

五、写作训练。

[写作内容]

请按下列提示写一篇关于体育运动的短文。

1. 体育运动有利于人的身心健康，使我们的眼、脑、肌肉都得到锻炼；

2. 体育运动能培养人的意志，陶冶情操，尤其有利于增强集体荣誉感和合作精神； 3. 体育运动使人正确认识自我，增强自信； 4. 体育运动促进行为协调，反应迅速。 [写作要求]

1．必须使用5个完整规范的句子介绍全部内容； 2．将5个句子组成连贯的短文。 参考答案：

Sports are of great importance to our body and mind. They cannot only prevent us from getting too fat and keep us healthy, but also give us valuable practice in helping the eyes, brain and muscles work together. Besides, sports are also good for character-training as we learn to work together with other team members, go all out to win the match and treasure the honor of the group.

What we learn in sports will make us know ourselves better and gain more self-confidence. Finally, we can have a more balance of ourselves and respond more quickly after doing sports.

课堂同步练习

Ⅰ. 单词拼写:

1． My mother has had a _____________ (肾脏) transplant.

2． He doesn’t drink any alcohol because he has a weak _______________ (肝脏) . 3． There was a long i_______________ between sending the letter getting a reply. 4． The fan c______________ (循环) the air in the room.

5． Your heart p___________ blood around your body. 6． Cheese d__________ slowly.

7． Copper and tin are common ____________ (矿物). 8． I’d s__________ my job for hers any day.

9． Her ______________（听觉）isn’t very good so you need to speak louder. 10. Your p___________ rate increases after exercise. Keys:

1. kidney 2. liver 3. interval 4. circulates 5. pumps 6. digests 7. minerals 8. swap 9. hearing 10. pulse

Ⅱ. 用所给的单词合适形式完成下列句子。

chest heart lung stomach throat

1. When we breathe, the air goes into our ____________________. 2. The __________________ sends blood round the body. 3. Your_______________ is inside your neck..

4. Your lungs are inside your __________________.

5. When we eat, food goes into the ______________________.

Keys: 1. lungs 2. heart 3. throat 4. chest 5. stomach III．短文阅读:

There’re many important differences between human beings and animals. Perhaps one of the most important differences is that human beings have the ability to think, to make new ideas. Humans can do this because we have a well-developed brain. The brain allows us to think, to invent an idea, and to remember it.

The brain has three main parts. Each part does a different task, so each part is equally important. The cerebrum（大脑）is where you think, decide, remember, and feel. This is the large part on top of your brain. Under the cerebrum is the cerebellum (小脑). This part controls your muscles, so this part dictates your body movements. The third part, called the medulla（髓质）, which controls a very important group of nerves. It is through these nerves that messages pass from your brain to your body. The medulla does not help you think. It tells the muscles in your body to work. For example, the medulla keeps you breathing, it makes your heart continue to beat, and it tells your stomach to digest the food that just ate.

The human brain is a very complicated organ. Each of three parts does different jobs, but actually no one knows for certain how the brain works.

1. A best title for this passage is ______________________ . A. Three Ways for Thinking B. The Human Brain C. The Animal Brain D. Human Beings