英语国家社会与文化入门 - The - government - of - the - united - kingdom

如今的英国上议院的组成被认为是一种性别歧视，同时由于在上议院席位的多数通过父系线下来的贵族精英的方式。这很可能将作出努力，改革上议院，使之更有效和更现代的未来10年的机构。

最后，还有下议院目前的约650位国会议员（国会议员），由人民选出他们的代表组成。国会议员代表一个特定的地区，作为议席选区或称为选民。席位数目不同，因为在人口变动一点。国会只可以参加议会的寿命，也就是之间的时间长度大选时，一套新的国会议员选出。但是，国会议员可连任1次无限数量和如此受欢迎，国会议员作为真正的职业。不同的是上议院，国会收到约* 31000工资一年。这大约是作为中产阶级的平均工资相同的专业，如医生或会计师将获得，而且认为国会议员将因此能与“典型”，他们所代表的选民认同。他们还收到了秘书和研究人员，旅游等津贴。

大多数国会议员属于政党，工党，保守党和自由民主党是主要的。总理是获胜的政党在大选中席位最多的当然领袖。他或她今天的内阁，通常约20名议员组成的执政党谁是由首相选择成为政府的内阁部长。内阁进行政策职能的决策，协调政府部门和政府的最高控制权。下议院是英国的政治生活中真正的中心，它是在选举产生的地方代表提出和讨论政策-因此它的作用是更详细地讨论了关于英国政治篇章。

1.It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world.毫无疑问，英国是世界上最古老的代议制民主。

2.In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revolution, in contrast to France and the US在英国，国家建设进程已经不是一个革命的演变，相对于法国和美国

3.The oldest institution of government according to the text is the Monarchy.最古老的政府机构，根据文本是君主制。

4.The divine right of kings means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects.国王的神权是指主权来自他的臣民他的权威。

5.While the King in theory had God on his side, it was thought that he should exercise absolute power.虽然在理论上国王对他身边的上帝，有人认为他应行使绝对的权力。

6.The term \and representatives from counties and towns.术语“议会”是在1066年首次正式用来描述了封建贵族和县，镇的代表聚会。

7.Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.英国既是一个议会民主制和君主立宪制。

8.Britain, like Israel, has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have.英国与以色列一样，拥有的那种，大多数国家有成文宪法。

9.Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts.一般规律是已通过共同的实践中形成的在法庭的法律。

1.Which of the following is not characteristic of British government?下列哪项不是英国政府的特点？

( a ) It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.

它提供了皇后的政治地位和最高权力。

( b ) It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.

它既是议会民主制和君主立宪制。

( c ) It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.

它是世界上最古老的代议制民主。

( d ) It has no written form of Constitution.

它没有宪法的书面形式。

2. Which of the following king was executed in the civil war?以下国王的被处决内战？ ( a ). James I詹姆斯一世 ( b ). James II詹姆斯二世 ( c ). Charles I查尔斯一世 ( d ). Charles II查理二世

3. What happened in 1215?在1215年发生了什么事？

( a ) It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.

它是今年的诺曼征服英国历史。

( b ) Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.

由贵族强迫，国王约翰签署的大宪章。

( c ) Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.

亨利四世授予下议院的权力，审查经费赠款。

( d ) King Egbert united England under his rule.

英格兰国王埃格伯特团结在他的统治。

4. Which of the following is not true about the Great Council?下列哪项是不正确的关于大呢？ ( a ) They included barons and representatives from counties and towns.

他们包括贵族和县，镇的代表。

( b ) They were sometimes summoned by the kings to contribute money.

有时，他们的传唤，国王出钱。

( c ) They later developed into what we now know as the Cabinet.

后来发展成为我们现在所知的内阁。

( d ) They represented the aristocrats as well as the communities.

他们所代表的贵族，以及社区。

5. Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?在其统治时期人权法案通过呢？ ( a ). James II詹姆斯二世

( b ). William of Orange奥兰治的威廉 ( c ). Oliver Cromwell奥利弗克伦威尔 ( d ). George I乔治一世

6.下列哪项是不正确的关于宪法？

( a ) It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government. 这是一个文件，为政府的基本原则名单。 ( b ) It is the foundation of British governance today. 这是今天在英国的管治的基础。

( c ) Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution. 公约和议会通过的法律是宪法的一部分。 ( d ) The common laws are part of the Constitution. 共同的法律是宪法的一部分。

7. Which of the following about the Parliament is not true?下列哪项关于议会是不正确的？ ( a ) There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. 有根据议会没有法律限制。

( b ) Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament. 严格来说，女王是议会的一部分。

( c ) Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws. 议会已通过法律的最高权力。

( d ) Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution. 议会无权改变宪法的规定。

8. Which of the following about the Queen is not true?以下哪一项关于王后是不正确的？ ( a ) The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.

皇后选择总理和内阁。

( b ) The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.

皇后象征传统和英国的国家统一。

( c ) The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.

皇后充当向总理的亲信。

( d ) The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.

女王是英国教会的时间头。

9. Which of the following about the House of Lords is not true?对有关上议院下列哪项是不正确的？

( a ) Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.

上议院没有收到工资，许多人不参加议会会议。

( b ) It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.

它由上议院精神和上议院颞。

( c ) The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.

预计上议院代表公众的利益。

( d ) Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.

英国上议院的老爷大部分是男性。

10. Which of the following about the House of Commons is not true?在对下议院下列哪项是不正确的？

( a ) Members of Parliament elect the Prime Minister and the Cabinet. 议会议员选举总理和内阁。

( b ) MPs receive salaries and some other allowances.

国会议员领取的工资和一些其他津贴。

( c ) MPs are expected to represent the interests of the public.

国会议员预计将代表公众的利益。

( d ) Most MPs belong to the major political parties.

大多数国会议员属于主要政党。