必修4动词ing形式作表语、定语、宾语、补足语和状语

动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语

一、动词-ing形式作表语

1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. = keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job

His hobby is painting. = Painting is his job.

2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词），作表语用的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, puzzling, exciting等（这类分词表示“令人….的”含义）。如：

The problem is quite puzzling. The news sounds encouraging.

二、 动词-ing形式作定语

1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ① 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。

a reading room = a room which is used for reading running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋

a working method =a method for working 工作方法 reading material 阅读材料

No one is allowed to speak loud in the reading room. There is a swimming pool in our school. ② 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。（注意动名词作定语说明被修饰词作用意义；现在分词做定语说明被修饰词正在做什么） developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家

an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题 sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 walking stick 手杖 living room 起居室running water 自来水

2.作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。

They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？

The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 In the following years he worked even hard. 在接下来的几年中，他工作更努力了。

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The man talking to(=the man who is talking to) the teacher is our monitor?s father. 正在与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

三、动词-ing形式作宾补

1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。

When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting. 3、能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，（常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, catch, listen to等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补） I felt somebody standing behind me.

I caught a stranger sliding into the manager?s office. 2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词，（常见的有have, set, keep, get, leave等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）

We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。

I won?t have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 This sets me thinking.

You shouldn?t keep your lights burning in the day.

4、see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式和动词不定式(省to)作宾语补足语的区别：

We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.

前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。

四、动词-ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等,相当于相对应的状语从句。

动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。（有时可在动词-ing前加一个表时间的连词，如when, while等）

Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.

我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。 (= After we have made full preparations...)

Hearing the news, they jumped with great joy.

Having finished his homework, Henry went home. (= After having finished his homework/After he had finished his homework, Herny went home.)

2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.

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由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)

Being poor, he couldn?t afford a TV set.( =As he was poor, he couldn?t afford a TV set.)

Not knowing his phone number, we couldn?t get in touch with him. (= Because we didn?t know his phone number,we couldn?t get in touch with him.)

3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.

European football is played in 80 countries, making is the most popular sport in the world.(= European football is played in 80 countries; as a result, it becomes the most popular sport in the world.)

4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed. =If you work hard at your lessons. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。

Using your head, you?ll find a good way. (= If you use your head, you?ll find a good way.)

Driving too fast, you?ll damage the car. (=If you drive too fast, you?ll damage the car)

5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

Although toiling all the year round (=Although he was toiling all theyear round), the poor peasant couldn't afford to send his children to school. 这位贫苦的农民，尽管终年劳累，还是无力送孩子上学。

Weighing almost one hundred jin (=Though it weighed almost one hundred jin), the box was lifted by him with one hand.

6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = ...and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。

The six blind men stood all day long by the roadside, begging for money (=they were begging for money). 这六个盲人整天站在路边乞讨。

He went out, slamming the door (=he slammed the door). 他走出去，砰地一声把门带上。

一、同义句转换（用动词-ing形式）

1.The bus was held up by the snowstorm, so it caused the delay. The bus was held up by the snowstorm, ________the delay.

2.John watched curiously and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy. John watched curiously, _______that the woman seemed a little crazy.

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3.While I was waiting for the train, I had a long talk with him. _________for the train, I had a long talk with him. 4.Because I was ill, I stayed at home. _________, I stayed at home.

5.If you turn right at the second crossing, you will find the post office. _________ right at the second crossing, you will find the post office. 6.Because she had been beaten by a snake, she was frightened at it. _______ ______ _______ by a snake, she was frightened at it. 二、选择填空

1. Though I have often heard this song ______, I have never heard you ______ it. A. being sung; sang B. sang; singing C. sung; sing D. to be sung; to sing 2. It was so cold that they kept the fire ______ all night. A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned

3. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 4. —Did you meet anyone ______ at the party? —No, in fact, I found the party rather ______. A. interesting; boring B. interested; boring C. interesting; bored D. interested; bored 5. The salesman scolded the girl caught ______ and let her off. A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing

6. Don?t leave the water_______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 7. The _______ boy was last seen _______ near the East Lake.

A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 8. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked 9.His job is ________ all the children.

A.look after B.looked after C.looking after D.having looked after 10. ---Do you know the girl ______ near the window? ---She is my deskmate.

A.seating B.standing C.is sitting D.is standing 11. What worried the boy most was ________to visit his father is the hospital. A.his not being allowed B.his not allowing

C.his not been allowed D.his being not allowed

12. Is it possible for a Chinese school to accept the policy _______the use of mobile phones on campus?

A.permitting B.to permit C.permitted D.being permitted 13. ---Was yesterday?s conference successful?

---Not really. The number of ________was much smaller than we had expected.

A.people who attend B.people attended C.people attending D.people attend 14. ________such a good chance, how could she let it slip?

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