2017年度上海宝山区高三英语一模试卷和标准答案

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D. make out future employers

61. The following statements made by consultants are true EXCEPT____________________.

A. Make sure your approach for information is positive in tone B. Some information you are given may not give a complete picture C. You should demonstrate determination to improve your job prospects D. Keep your initial objective in mind when you are planning to change jobs

62. Who suggests that graduates should stay happy in spite of defeats among the following consultants?

A. Alice B. Paul C. Rebecca D. Smith

(C)

From winning a complex war to developing a life-saving drug: there are so many things that can only be achieved if people work together in harmony. They can then achieve impressive performances that also benefit the individual. So, why do colleagues or others so often make things difficult for another? Experimental research carried out by De Dreu has shown that greed and fear are the basic reasons determining problems with teamwork. “People are afraid that their contribution will mainly benefit those people who themselves contribute nothing. That’s why people hold back and invest in self-protection rather than cooperation.

De Dreu examined the strategies people use to maximize the benefits for themselves and to reduce the risk of being exploited. He conducts experiments where the participants can invest in self-protection or attacks on others, or they can choose to do nothing. When motivated by greed, people seem to invest mainly in self-protection and less in attacks on others. “Fear is almost always present as a brake on cooperation, but it’s more difficult to predict when greed will crop up.”The puzzle is that fear among rival groups tends to result in people working better together. “It seems to happen almost automatically, often without it even being discussed.”

As Professor of Employment and Organization Psychology at the University of Amsterdam, De Dreu has conducted a lot of research on cooperation within organizations. In Leiden he intends to approach the subject at higher level of abstraction. “We know a lot about what makes the best kind of leaders. Now I want to examine what our brain looks like when we are working together. I am interested in that because cooperating with one another relies on very basic systems that we also use for other tasks, such as child-raising.”

He intends to use brain scans to look at which neurohormones(神经激素) play a role in

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cooperation, such as the “ hug hormones(荷尔蒙)” oxytocin(催生素). Is more oxytocin produced administering an amount of this hormones? “This neurobiological approach has only really been used by psychologists in the past five years, and there are a lot of important research questions that have to be answered.”

De Dreu draws attention to his multidisciplinary approach. He is also interested in the effect of such “institutions” as religion and legislation because these have an obvious influence on our behavior. He will be working together with fellow scientists from other disciplines: sociologists, political scientists, legal specialists, religious experts and also biologists who will be examining the behavior of rats, for examples.

De Dreu doesn’t exclude the possibility that he will again be conducting some of his research in organizations. Until then he would welcome any managers would be willing to take part in his neurobiological research. “I would love it if a lot of managers were willing to have scans while making decisions about their companies. But then they’d have to come in their masses, and that’s not to easy to achieve.”

63. What does the phrase “child-raising” in Paragraph 3 refer to ? A. One of the basic systems that we work with one another. B. One of the tasks our human beings need to be finished C. One of the questions that people have to be answered D. One of the examples lies in people’s self-protection

64. The experiments conducted by De Dreu imply the following statements Except___________ A. Teamwork happens automatically if panic exists among rival groups. B. People will invest in self-protection when driven by greed C. Some basic systems in our brain helps us work eth one another

D. More oxytocin is produced when people maximize the benefits for themselves.

65. It can be inferred from the passage that the De Dreu uses a wide variety of methods to research____________________. A. what our brain looks like

B. why people don’t often cooperate in teamwork C. how religious and rules work well together

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D. how managers react in the scanner 66. Which of the following of the title? A. Experiments on different people B. Research on brain scans and role of religion C. Greed and fear restrict cooperation D. Hormone influences our behavior

Section C

Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. This future may not be what you think B. Robots can’t successfully imitate doctor’s motions in the operating room C. Finally, several humans observed as the robotic arm made numerous motions D. The nursing assistant for your next trip to the hospital will still be human beings E. They will just allow us to decrease workload and achieve better performances in several tasks F. His work indicates that humans and robots can effectively cooperate during high-task events such as surgeries

Your next nurse could be a robot

Dr. De Momi, of the Politecnico di Milano(Italy), led an international team that trained a robot to imitate natural human actions. (67)___________________Over time this should lead to improvements in safety during surgeries because unlike their human counterparts robots do not tire and can complete an endless series of precise movements. The goal is not to remove skill from the operating room, but to complete it with a robot’s particular skills and benefits.

“As a roboticist, I am convinced De Momi’s team photographed a human being conducting numerous reaching motions, in a way similar to handing instruments to a surgeon. These camera captures were input into the neural network of robotic arm, which is crucial to controlling movements. Next a human operator guided the robotic arm in imitating the reaching motions that the human subject had initially performed. Although there was not a perfect overlap between the robotic and human actions, they were broadly similar.

(69) ___________________These observers determined whether the actions of the robotic arms were “biologically inspired,” which would indicate that their neural networks had effectively

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learned to imitate human behavior. About 70% of the time this is exactly what the human observers concluded.

These results are promising, although further research is necessary to confirm or refine De Momi’s conclusions. If robotic arms can indeed imitate human behavior, it would be necessary to build conditions in which humans and robots can operate effectively in high stress environments like operating rooms. (70)_________________________ De Momi’s work is part of the growing field of healthcare robotics, which has potential to change the way we receive health care sooner rather than later.

IV. Summary Writing

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

A good story encourages us to turn the next page and read more. We want to find out what happens next and what the main characters do and what they say to each other. We may feel excited, sad, afraid, angry or really happy. This is because the experience of reading or listening to a story is much more likely to make us 'feel' that we are part of the story, too. Just like in our 'real' lives, we might love or hate different characters in the story. Perhaps we recognize ourselves or others in some of them. Perhaps we have similar problems.

Because of this natural empathy with the characters, our brains process the reading of stories differently from the way we read factual information. Our brains don't always recognize the difference between an imagined situation and a real one so the characters become 'alive' to us. What they say and do is therefore more meaningful. This is why the words and structures that relate a story's events, descriptions and conversations are processed in this deeper way.

In fact, cultures all around the world have always used storytelling to pass knowledge from one generation to another. Our ancestors understood very well that this was the best way to make sure our histories and information about how to relate to others and to our world was not only understood, but remembered too. (Notice that the word 'history' contains the word 'story' – this is not a coincidence!)

Encouraging your child to read or listen to stories should therefore help them to learn a second language in a way that is not only fun, but memorable.