北京市2016高考英语二轮复习 短文改错训练(3)

短文改错训练（3）

高考英语专题之短文改错

从近几年的高考短文改错来看，一篇120词左右的短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 短文改错的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生的词汇和语法方面的能力，也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查要点的主要方面有： 知识点一：词法性错误

1.冠词：冠词的考查主要集中在不定冠词a，an及定冠词the的混用和漏用。主要包括以下几个方面：(1)不定冠词a和an互改；(2)不定冠词a或an和定冠词the互改；(3)定冠词the的多余或缺失；(4)单数可数名词前冠词的缺失(一般情况下，单数可数名词在句中出现时，其前需要加上适当的冠词或其他限定词)；(5)不可数名词表示泛指时冠词的多余；(6)常见固定搭配的错用。

(1)After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 解析 因hour以元音音素开头。 答案 a→an

(2)I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 解析 因此处并非特指，而是泛指。 答案 the→a

(3)Good health is person's most valuable possession. 解析 这里的a表泛指。 答案 person's前加a

(4)Maybe you could come during a winter holidays.

解析 此处的winter holidays属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的。 答案 a→the (5)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 解析 catch sight of是习语，意为“看见，瞥见” 答案 去掉a

2.名词：名词的考查主要包括名词的数的用法(可数名词与不可数名词的混用，可数名词单复数的错用)；名词格的误用、名词前限定词的用法以及抽象名词与物质名词具体化的用法。 (6)We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. 解析 因“水”为物质名词，不可数。 答案 waters→water (7)There are branch library in many villages.

解析 因其前的谓语动词are为复数形式。 答案 library→libraries

(8)I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. 解析 some time意为“某时”。 答案 times→time

(9)They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. 解析 因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语lots of。 答案 question→questions

3.代词： 短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。

(10)David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. 解析 因它与其前的关系代词which语义重复。 答案 去掉it

(11)When we walked to the car，Bill smiled and shook head.

解析 汉语为“摇头”，而英语的习惯是说shake one's head。 答案 head前加his

(12)We climb everywhere，not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. 解析 前后人称不一致。 答案 They→We

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(13)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.

解析 因前面的the Smiths指的是“史密斯夫妇/一家”，是复数意义。 答案 his→their 4.形容词与副词：形容词与副词主要考查两个方面：

(1)形容词与副词的错用。包括近义形容词的错用、近义副词的错用、形容词与副词之间的混用以及以－ly结尾的副词和不是以－ly结尾的同根副词之间的误用、动词－ing形式和动词－ed形式的形容词辨析等；

(2)原级、比较级和最高级的误用。包括原级、比较级和最高级之间的混用；比较级的修饰语使用不当。常见的比较级修饰语有a bit，a little，much，far，many，a lot，even等；常见的最高级修饰语有almost，by far，nearly等；常见的和原级搭配的结构有as...as；how与what的混用也是常见考点。

(14)Last Sunday，police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 解析 因从含义上看此处应是最高级。 答案 taller→tallest (15)As a result，people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.

解析 因为longer本身已是比较级，不能再用more修饰。 答案 去掉more

5.介词与介词短语：短文改错中对介词的考查主要集中在介词短语及介词与动词、形容词、名词的搭配等。介词与名词的常见搭配： 与to搭配的名词：answer，reply，key，visit，apology，introduction，entrance，invitation等。

与in搭配的名词：expert，interest等。

与on搭配的名词：mercy，congratulation等。

其他介词与名词的搭配：victory over，advantage over，respect for，prize for等。 (16)Bill insisted in staying near the car. 解析 insist on为固定搭配。 答案 in→on

(17)When they came down，the police were angry to them.

解析 要表示“对某人生气”，习惯上用be angry with sb。 答案 to→with

(18)Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

解析 因其前的get是及物动词。 答案 去掉for

6.动词：除动词时态与非谓语动词之外，动词考点还包括被动语态、情态动词、动词用法辨析、动词be的误加与漏用等。

(19)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. 解析 因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态。 答案 seeing→seen (20)Books may be keep for four weeks. 解析 因此处要用被动语态。 答案 keep→kept

(21)...and let you know when the book you want has returned. 解析 因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态。 答案 returned前加been (22)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas. 解析 由句意可知。 答案 go→come

(23)They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. 解析 因此处缺谓语动词。 答案 eager前加were

7.非谓语动词：短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号to的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。

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(24)David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. 解析 因为want后要接不定式。 答案 wanted后加to

(25)...rather than go into the forest and getting lost. 解析 因为get与其前的go并列。 答案 getting→get

(26)Modern people know more about health，have better food，and to live in clearer surroundings.

解析 因为live与其前的know，have并列。 答案 去掉live前的to

(27)...you pay the cost of send a postcard，the librarian will write to you. 解析 因为介词后接动名词作宾语。 答案 send→sending

模拟短文改错

Of all my teachers ,Mr. Moore is the one who impress me 1_____ most. He is 34, so he looks young for his age. And he’s one of 2______ the most popular teacher in our school. Mr. Moore pays more 3______ attention to his way of teaching, comparing with other teachers. 4_______ He tries different ways to make his classes actively and lively. 5______ In his opinion, we should not only know “what”, but understand 6______ “why”. So, instead giving us answers immediately, he encourages us 7______ to think by myself whenever he puts forward questions. With his help, 8______ we’ve learned from how to settle problems. He leads us to such a 9_____

wonderful world of “why” as we all admire and respect him. 10_____

【参考答案及解析】

1. impress改为impresses考查主谓一致。此处先行词one前有the，故其后定语从句的谓语动词应和one保持一致，用单数。

2. so改为but 考查句间的逻辑关系。根据语境此处应为转折关系。

3. teacher 改为teachers 考查名词的单复数。根据句中的one of 可知，后面的名词应用复数形式。

4. comparing改为compared 考查固定短语。和。。。相比应用compared with/to。 5. actively改为active 考查形容词的用法。此处make 后接形容词作宾补。 6. 正确

经分析本句正确。

7. instead后加of考查固定短语。根据后面的giving可知，其前应用介词of。 8. myself改为ourselves 考查代词指代一致。根据文意反身代词应和us相一致。故用

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ourselves。 9. 去掉from

考查动词的用法。learn from意为：向。。。学习，此处不合文意。

10. as改为that 考查固定句型。此处考查such。。。that。。。句型。

2013年浙江高考真题：

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11除起）不计分。 Dear Diary,

Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “ He was lucky to find other one.” His new job meant I had to say goodbye to my classmate, my school or just everything else I love in the world. To make matters bad, now I have to share a room with my younger sister, Maggie. Tomorrow is first day of school. I am awfully tiring, but I know I’ll never fall sleep.

Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

Yours, Rosemary

参考答案：

Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse. Do you want to know why

far去掉

we move last week? Dad lost his job, and as Mom explained, “ He was lucky to find other one.” His new

moved another

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