模块6第5单元语法突破、语法练习、你问我答

模块6第5单元语法突破、语法练习、你问我答

动词-ing形式作状语

山东 刘永科

动词-ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果、让步等，可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。 1. 作时间状语

此时相当于when ,while或after等引导的时间状语从句。如:

Wandering in the street, she met an old friend of hers. = When she was wandering in the street, she met an old friend of hers.

Reading a novel in the garden, she heard her name called from behind. 正在花园里读一本小说时，她听见有人叫她的名字。

Having finished their work, they had a rest. = After they had finished their work, they had a rest.

Having completed his homework, Tom went out to play for a while. 完成家庭作业之后，汤姆出去玩了一会儿。

如果强调两个动作同时发生，分词前可加when 或while，如：

Be careful when crossing the street. 过街时要小心。

Don’t mention this while talking to him. 和他谈话时别提这件事。 2. 作原因状语

此时相当于because，since，和as等引导的原因状语从句。如:

Being blind, how could they see the elephant? 由于是瞎子，他们怎么能看得见大象呢? Not knowing English, he couldn’t understand the film. = Because he didn’t know English, he couldn’t understand the film.

Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 因没有收到回信，他决定再写一封。

Having taught in the school for many years, she knows her workmates very well. = Since she has taught in the school for many years, she knows her workmates very well. 3. 作方式或伴随状语

此时不能转化成状语从句,但可以转化成并列句。如:

The visitor from Japan comes in smiling. 来自日本的客人笑着进来了。

They also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through keeping physical distance, actions or posture. 他们还通过使用无声语言，借助保持距离、动作和姿势，来表达感情。

He must be able to use the foreign language, forgetting all about his own. 他一定要做到使用外语时，忘掉本族语。

“Don’t you know I’m one of you?”asked the bat, showing his teeth. “难道你们不知道我是

你们的成员之一吗?”蝙蝠露出牙齿问。

Mary was in the kitchen cooking something. = Mary was in the kitchen and she was cooking something.

My wife sat in the sofa, reading a magazine. = My wife sat in the sofa and read a magazine. The boy came in, following his father. = The boy followed his father and came in. 4. 作条件状语

此时相当于if等引导的条件状语从句。如:

Turning to the right, you will find a hospital. = If you turn to the right, you will find a hospital.

Going there by plane, you will arrive this night. = If you go there by plane, you will arrive this night. 5. 作结果状语

此时相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。如:

His wife died in 1962, leaving him with three children. 他妻子1962年死了，留给他三个孩子。

表示结果状语时，分词前可加thus，如：

The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车受大风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。

He didn’t pass the exam, making his parents quite disappointed. = He didn’t pass the exam so that it made his parents quite disappointed. 6. 作让步状语

此时相当于though / although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。如:

Weighing 50 kilograms, the box was carried away by him. = Though the box weighed 50 kilograms, it was carried away by him.

Admitting what he said, I still think that he hasn’t tried his best. = Although I admit what he said, I still think that he hasn’t tried his best. 【特别提醒】

1. 现在分词一般式和完成式的区别：

现在分词的一般式表示动作跟句子谓语动词的动作同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示其动作早于谓语动词的动作。试比较：

Reading a novel in the garden, she heard her name called from behind. (read和hear两个动作同时发生。)

Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. (not receive早于decide这个动作)

2. 现在分词被动式和过去分词、不定式被动语态的区别：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. (正在召开的会议，现在分词被动式表示动作正在进行)

The meeting held yesterday is of great importance. (已经召开的会议，过去分词表示动作已

经完成)

The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance. (将要召开的会议，不定式被动语态表示将来的动作)

现在分词语法专练

1. Don’t sit there ______ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006 湖北) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 2. The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area. (2005 全国)

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having cased

3. ______ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (2004 北京)

A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 4. According to a recent US survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ______ TV. (2004 上海)

A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watch

5. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (2004 北京春)

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 6. Don’t leave the water ______ while you brush your teeth. (2004 天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run

7. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ______ the exam. (2004 福建) A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

8. The old man, ______ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2004 浙江)

A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked 9. ______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. (2004 广东) A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed

10. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ______ in the kitchen. (2003 全国) A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

答案：1.C 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.C 10.B

你问我答

【问】在本单元中，有这样一个句子：However, the eruption itself is really exciting to watch and I shall never forget my first sight of one. It was in the second week after I arrived in Hawaii. 我不明白It was中的was在这里是什么含义，请老师给我讲讲好吗？(山东 刘晓萌)

【答】was 在这儿是“发生”的意思，相当于took place (happened)。这是动词be 的一个特殊用法，其主语往往是表示“事件”的名词，如：meeting, talk, lecture, report, discussion, accident, party, concert, play 等。因此，上句译成汉语应该是：我永远也忘不了我第一次看见火山喷发时的情景，那是发生在我抵达夏威夷的第二个星期之后。又如：

---When was her birthday party?---It was the night before last. 她的生日派对（聚会）是何时举办的？前天晚上。

Our school sports meet will be next week. 我们学校的运动会将在下周举行。

It was reported that the accident was on Tuesday and five people were killed. 据报道事故发生在星期二，有五人丧生。

This is when small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth. (Unit 4) 这种现象（温室效应）发生在大气层中少量的气体，如二氧化碳，甲烷，水蒸气等，吸收太阳的热量，因而使地球变暖的时候。

请注意：一般说来，be 表示“发生”意义时，除了它的主语表示“事件”概念外，还往往有一时间状语跟它连用。

（山东省潍坊第七中学 刘永科）