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advantage[Ed5vB:ntidV] n. 1.[C]优点,优势,好处:
It is a great advantage to be able to drive a car. 能开车是很有利的。/ There are several advantages in city life. 都市生活有几个优点。2.[U]利益,益处:There is little advantage in buying a dictionary if you can’t read. 如果你不识字,买字典也没什么用。■1.have the [an] advantage over (of) 优于,比?占有优势:You have the advantage over (of) me in experience. 你经验比我丰富。2. take advantage of 利用,欺骗,占便宜:
They took advantage of the fine weather to play tennis. 他们利用好天气去打了网球。/ He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是在占我的便宜。
adventure[Ed5ventFE] n.[C,U]冒险,冒险活动,奇遇:a young man looking for adventure 一个寻求冒险的年轻
人 / Sherlock Holmes had many adventures. 福尔摩斯有过很多奇遇。
【说明】表示抽象意义的“冒险”,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”,则可数:a sense of adventure 冒险意识 / an adventure on sea 海上冒险
advertise[5AdvEtaiz] v. 1.登广告,做广告:
We don’t actually advertise very much. 我们不多做广告。
/ He advertised for a secretary. 他登广告招聘一名秘书。2.为?做广告:If you want to sell your product you must advertise it. 你要想卖掉你的产品,你就得为此登广告。/ Jobs are advertised in the papers. 在报纸上有招聘广告。
【说明】用作及物或不及物动词,含义不同,比较:advertise sth 为?做广告,登广告宣传?;advertise for sth 登广告征求或寻找某物(其中的 for 表目的)。如:advertise a job 登广告招聘 / advertise for a job 登广告求职
advertisement[Ed5vE:tismEnt] n.[C]广告:
He put an advertisement in the paper. 他在报上登广告。/ The wall was covered with advertisements. 墙上贴满了广告。
【说明】1. advertisement 也可略作 advert 或 ad:ads for selling cars 销售汽车的广告2. advertisement 是可数名词,不可数名词用advertising:
The magazine contains a lot of advertising [advertisements]. 这本杂志广告很多。
advice[Ed5vais] n.[U]忠告,建议:He asked for her advice. 他向她征求意见。/ He followed [took] my advice. 他听了我的意见。
/ Let me give you a piece of advice. 我给你进一句忠言吧。
/ I want your advice on [about] the matter. 我想听听你对这个问题的意见。/ Good advice is beyond price. 有益的忠告是无价之宝。
【说明】是不可数名词,要表示数量,需借助单位词 piece:a piece of advice, two pieces of advice
advise[Ed5vaiz] v. 1.忠告,建议:He did what the doctor advised. 他听从医生的吩咐。/ He advised going to London. 他建议去伦敦。
/He advised me to go to London. 他建议我去伦敦。2.通知,告知:He advised me that I won the prize. 他通知我得奖了。
/ Could you adviseus of the arrival of the goods? 货物到达时,请通知我们好吗?
【说明】1.后接动词作宾语时,要用动名词,不要用不定式,即说advise doing sth;但是若后接名词或代词作宾语后再接动词时,动词要用不定式,即
说 advise sb to do sth。2.表示建议后接宾语从句时,从句谓语通常要用
“should + 动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:I advise he(should) start early. 我劝他早点动身。
advocate[5AdvEkit] n.[C]提倡者,鼓吹者:
He is a strong advocate of the new method of teaching. 他是新教学方法的积极倡导者。vt.[5AdvEkeit]提倡,鼓吹,主张:
He advocates higher salaries for teachers. 他主张提高教师的工资。
【说明】后接动词作宾语时,动词要用动名词(不用不定式):He advocates building more schools. 他主张多建几所学校。
aeroplane[5ZErEplein] n. [C] (英)飞机:fly an aeroplane 驾驶飞机 / travel to Paris by aeroplane 飞往巴
黎 / He flew 10 miles a minute in his aeroplane. 他以一分钟10英里的速度驾机飞行。
【说明】aeroplane 为英国英语,美国英语用 airplane,两者均可简化为 plane。 affair[E5fZE] n. 1.[C]事情,事件:
I know how to take care of my own affairs. 我知道如何去处理自己的事。/ The affair wasn’t so easily settled. 这件事不那么容易解决。2. (常用复)事务,事态:He is very interested in public affairs. 他对公众事务很感兴趣。
【说明】表示一般性的“事”或“事情”,与 thing, matter, business, event 等大致同义,在口语也可以模糊地表示“活动”、“事件”、“东西”等。表示重要的事情、事务或复杂含混的情况、事态等,通常用复数形式,且一般不与定冠词连用。
affect[E5fekt] vt. 1.影响:
Thousands of people were affected by the floods. 成千上万的人受到了洪水的影响。/ Her personal problems seem to be affecting her work. 她的个人问题影
响到工作。2.(在情感方面)打动,感动:The story affected us deeply. 故事深深地打动了我们。
【辨析】affect, effect与influence:1. affect 与 effect 的区别是:前者是动词(及物),后者是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系为:affect=have an effect on。如:To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。2. influence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数,但有时可连用不定冠词)。
affection[E5fekFEn] n. [U,C]友爱,亲爱,疼爱,爱情:He won her affection(s). 他得到了她的爱情。/ He felt great affection for his sister. 他很疼爱他妹妹。
afford[E5fC:d] vt.1.买得起,花得起:We can’t afford (to buy) a new car. 我们买不起新车。/ Are you able to afford the time for a holiday? 你有时间去度假吗?2.给予,提供:
It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you. 跟你一道吃饭太让我高兴了。
【说明】1.表示“买得起”、“花得起”时,通常与 can, could, be able to 连用,但表示“给予”时,则无需与之连用。2.表示“买得起”、“花得起”时,其实质意思是指有足够的时间、金钱等,其后可接名词、代词或不定式,意思明确时,可有所省略:afford to take a taxi =afford a taxi 坐得起计程
车 / afford the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假
afraid[E5freid] adj. 1.害怕的:Don’t be afraid. 别怕。
/ He is afraid of snakes. 他怕蛇。/ She is afraid of flying [to fly]. 她害怕坐飞机。/ He was afraid to go into the house and meet his father. 他不敢进屋去见他父亲。2.担心的:He was afraid of losing face. 他担心丢面子。/ I’m afraid that he won’t help us. 我担心他不会帮我们。
/ “Is he not coming?” “I am afraid not.(I’m afraid so.)” “他不来吗?”“看来不会(怕是这样)。”
【说明】be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth有所不同,前者表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事,后者有两个意思,一是表示害怕做某事(与
be afraid to do sth 同义),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。
Africa[5AfrikE] n. 非洲:
They went to West Africa to see the wild animals. 他们到西非去看野生动物。
African[5AfrikEn] adj.非洲的,非洲人的:African countries 非洲国家 n.[C]非洲人
after[5B:ftE] prep.1.在?之后:He came back after dark. 天黑后他才回来。/ Shut the door after you. 请随手关门。2.追赶,追求,寻找:The cat ran after the mouse. 猫追老鼠。3.依照,用?的名字:Please make some sentences after this model. 请仿照例子造句。
/ She was named Elizabeth after her grandmother. 她依从祖母的名字取名为伊丽莎白。4.由于,鉴于:After what has happened, he will not go. 鉴于已经发生的事情,他不愿去了。5.合乎(想法等):She is a woman after my own heart. 她真是个合乎我心意的女子。6.接连不断:She saw play after play. 她接连不断地看戏。/ Day after day they worked on. 他们日复一日地工作下去。adv.在后,后来:He arrived soon after. 他不久就到了。conj.在?以后:After she got married,she changed completely. 她结婚之后完全变了。
【辨析】1. after与behind:前者主要指位次的先后,后者主要指位置的前后。2. after与in:两者均可表示在一段时间之后,区别是:after以过去时间为起点,通常连用过去时态;in 以现在时间为起点,通常连用将来时态。注意:若表示在某一点时间之后,则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去):I’ll come back after 4 o’clock. 我4点钟以后回来。
【说明】after 用作连词引导时间状语从句时,要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。
afternoon[7B:ftE5nu:n] n.[C,U]下午,午后:He had an afternoon sleep. 他午睡了。/ The meeting was held on the afternoon of March 16. 会议于3月16日的下午举行。
【说明】1.泛指一般下午,其前用介词in,若特指具体某天的下午,则用介词 on。2.当afternoon 与 this, that, each, every, yesterday, tomorrow, one 等连用时,其前不用in, on 等介词,也不用冠词。3.在美国英语中,当表示每天下午或在任何一个下午时,可用复数形式(用作副词):I’m always busy afternoons. 我下午总很忙。(注:morning, evening用法同此)
afterward(s)[5B:ftEwEd(z)] adv. 后来:
I’m busy now. I’ll go there afterward(s). 我现在很忙,待会儿再过去。
again[E5gen,E5gein] adv.再一次;又,再:Try again. 再试一次。/ When do we meet again? 我们什么时候再见
面? / Never did I see him again. 后来我再也没见过他了。
【说明】通常不能与那些已含有again 意义的词语(如:renew 续借,repeat 重说,rewrite 重写,等)连用。
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