《论语》中仁的英译研究

目录

目录

Chapter One Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Confucius and The Analects ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Basic Meanings of “Ren” ............................................................................................... 2 Chapter Two The Comparison of Translations ................................................................................... 4

2.1 Translations of “Ren” in The Analects .................................................................................. 4 2.2 Translation Strategy ........................................................................................................... 19 Chapter Three The Reasons for the Differences .............................................................................. 11

3.1 Life Experience and Academic Background ....................................................................... 11 3.2 Sinology Capability and Bilingual Competence .................................................................. 13 3.3 Translation Purpose ........................................................................................................... 14 3.4 Readers’ Reception Awareness .......................................................................................... 16 Charpter Four The strategic skills of translation .............................................................................. 19

4.1 Transliteration .................................................................................................................... 19 4.2 Comprehensive method of explanation ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。

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Chapter One Introduction

Chapter One Introduction

Confucius (550 B.C.-479 B.C.), whose original name is Kong Qiu, is the most influential thinker and philosopher, as well as one of China?s greatest educators. His great thoughts had great influence on China for over 2000 years and his ideas have been the fertile soil in which the Chinese cultural tradition has cultivated. As a collection of his deeds and ideas, The Analects is regarded as the most reliable source of Confucius?s life and teachings.

1.1 Confucius and The Analects

Confucius was born in a small noble family at the State of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 B.C.), which is not only an era of conflicts among different states, but also that of different politicians, reforms and thoughts. Confucius lived a hard life with his mother after his father died when he was still a little child. He got married at 19 and had one son and two daughters. According to the record of some ancient Chinese books, he once did various humble jobs when he was young. After his mother?s death Confucius began his career as a teacher, instructing the small groups of disciples gathered around him. His early experiences had great influence on him and he decided to make great efforts in seeking the perfection of both society and individual. His fame as a learned person and his reverence for Chinese ideals and customs soon spread through the state of Lu. Confucius tried his best to persuade the ruler of Lu to accept his political ideas but found it‘s no use. Having feeling much disappointed, in 497 B.C. he traveled to other states to propagate his political views but failed in vain. Finally he returned to Lu and devoted his rest life to education. It is interesting that despite his ideas were not accepted by any state when he was alive. Confucius has been respected as the Chinese Sage and the teacher of emperors for over two thousand years after his death. His thoughts along with his teachings have a strong formative influence on Chinese traditional culture.

For there being no Confucius‘s own writings left in history, his ideas could only be found from the later writings by his disciples and followers, among which The Analects is one of the most

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电子科技大学本科生学位论文

important sources of information. It is known that present edition of The Analects is composed by many persons over the course of many years. It is rich in contents and it is a collection of both Confucius?s and some of his disciples‘ sayings, discussions, thoughts and ideas on a wide range of subjects such as Confucius‘ political views, philosophical ideas, literature and art, education and moral cultivation life and so on. The Analects has three different versions, which are the Lu version of 20 books, the Qi version of 22 books and the ancient version of 21 books. Today the commonly used edition consists of 20 books, which are further divided into \small chapters ranging in length from brief quotations to short dialogues, so there are four hundred and eighty-six chapters all together, and all chapters in The Analects are unsystematically arranged. Regarded as an eternal classic of both China and the world, The Analects has made great and profound impact on Chinese traditional culture. During the past 2000 years many great scholars have made annotations for it, for example Zheng Xuan(郑玄，127-200), He Yan(何晏，190-249), Xing Bing(邢昺，932-1010)，Zhu Xi(朱熹，1130-1200)，Liu Baonan(刘宝楠，1791-1855), Yang Bojun(杨伯峻1909-1992), Qian Mu(钱穆，1895-1990), and so on.

1.2 The basic meanings of “Ren”

―Ren‖ is the Confucian virtue denoting the good feeling a virtuous human experiences when being altruistic. ―Ren‖ is exemplified by a normal adult's protective feelings for children. It is considered the outward expression of Confucian ideals. Yan Hui, Confucius's most outstanding student, once asked his master to describe the rules of ―Ren‖. Confucius replied, \nothing improper, hear nothing improper, say nothing improper, do nothing improper.\（1.The Analects XII.1）Confucius also defined ―Ren‖ in the following way: \to be established himself, seeks also to establish others; wishing to be enlarged himself, he seeks also to enlarge others.\（2.The Analects VI.28）Confucius also said, \already found it.\（3.The Analects Ⅶ.29）―Ren‖ is close to man and never leaves him.

The single ideogram for ―Ren‖ is a composite of two distinct common hanzi, 人 (Man, a man, a

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