2017-2018学年高中英语人教版必修三教学案：Unit 4 Section 2 Word版含答案正式版

Red dwarf stars (红矮星) can range in size from a hundred times smaller than the sun, to only a couple of times smaller.Because of their small size these stars burn their fuel very slowly, which allows them to live a very long time.Some red dwarf stars will live trillions of years before they run out of fuel.

Then why are red dwarf stars red？Because red dwarf stars only burn a little bit of fuel at a time. They are not very hot compared to other stars.Think of a fire.The coolest part of the fire at the top of the flame glows red, the hotter part in the middle glows yellow, and the hottest part near the fuel glows blue.Stars work the same way.Their temperatures determine what color they will be.Thus we can determine how hot a star is just by looking at its color.

____________

Like the Sun, these medium-sized stars are yellow because they have a medium temperature.Their higher temperature causes them to burn their fuel faster.This means they will not live as long, only about 10 billion years or so.Near the end of their lives, these medium-sized stars swell up becoming very large.When this happens to the Sun it will grow to engulf (吞没) even the Earth.Finally they shrink again，leaving behind most of their gas.This gas forms a beautiful cloud around the star called a planetary nebula (行星状星云)．

When will the Sun expand into a giant, and then shrink leaving behind a planetary nebula? Don't worry.The Sun is only about 5 billion years old.It still has another 5 billion years before it will expand, and then turn into a planetary nebula.

The Sun is so hot that when it dies, it will take a long time to cool off.The sun will die in about 5 billion years, but it will still glow for many billions of years after that.As it cools, it will be what is called a white dwarf star.Finally, after billions maybe even trillions of years, it will stop glowing, at that point it will be what we call a black dwarf star.There are still no black dwarf stars in the Universe.

语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了红矮星和黄色星。 1．Why do the red dwarf stars burn their fuel very slowly? A．Because they are small. B．Because they don't move around. C．Because they are cool.

D．Because they reflect light like the moon.

解析：选A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句话“Because of their small size these stars burn their fuel very slowly ...”可知选A项。

2．Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2? A．How red dwarf stars work.

B．Why red dwarf stars burn a little fuel. C．Why red dwarf stars are red.

D．How temperature determines the color.

解析：选C 段落大意题。综合第二段的内容可知，本段开头由一个问句(为本段的主题句)引出作者要说明的中心：红矮星为什么是红色的？然后通过类比来进行解释，因此C项为最佳选项。

3．The title on the underline before Paragraph 3 is probably________． A．The Sun B．Yellow Stars C．Planetary Nebula D．Star Temperature

解析：选B 段落大意题。纵观最后四段话可以看出：作者通过读者所熟悉的、与黄色星相类似的太阳相比较来对黄色星进行说明，最后三段话看似与黄色星无关，但实际上是对黄色星发展走向的一个预测，故B项最佳。

4．Which of the following website may this passage taken from? A．www.plant.com B．www.oceans.com C．www.inventor.com D．www.kidsastronomy.com

解析：选D 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了红矮星和黄色星，与天文学有关，由此推断本文是从与天文学有关的www.kidsastronomy.com上摘录的。

B

If you're holding a kids' party or a family friendly event, then you need Nick Clark. My daughter and her friends love his shows. At birthday parties and at places like Fishers Farm — wherever he performs you'll find a happy group of children. Hugely talented (有天赋的) and reasonably priced, you couldn't wish to meet a nicer man.

Vicky Edwards

Nick once very kindly offered his service for a charity (慈善事业) event for free. I have to say, he did a truly wonderful job! Not only did Nick have the little ones laughing but greatly attracted the ‘grown ups’. I was blownaway by how good he was. Lizzie Fowler Dear Nick，

Just a short note to say thank you for the excellent children's party yesterday. It can be a bit of a worry for us mums when we are suddenly in charge of 30 small children. Thank you for keeping them happy for 2 hours. Lola loved it although she wasn't at her best as she has been unwell since last Thursday. A very good time was had by all.

Mrs Middleton

Dear Nick，

Thank you for a fantastic night on Friday. The children enjoyed themselves and the disco (迪斯科舞曲) was considered as the best school disco at Lavant School ever. When I went into school this morning it was filled with exciting talks about last Friday night and how fantastic it was for both children and teachers. Thanks again for the party and all your hard work.

Katie

语篇解读：本文是应用文。文章是四条对喜剧表演者Nick的相关评论。 5．What kind of feeling is expressed by the use of “blown away”？ A．Joy.B．Pride.

C．Pity. D．Thankfulness.

解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“a truly wonderful job ... have the little ones laughing ... greatly attracted the ‘grown ups’”和“how good he was”可推测，Lizzie表达的是快乐的情感。

6．Last Friday, the children at Lavant School ________． A．talked about the best school disco excitedly B．enjoyed themselves without their teachers C．had a fantastic day off D．had a great party

解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“a fantastic night on Friday. The children enjoyed themselves”，“filled with exciting talks about last Friday night”和“Thanks again for the party”可知，Lavant学校的学生在上周五举办了一个非常棒的派对。

7．What does Nick do? A．He's a funny performer. B．He's a school teacher. C．He's a party holder. D．He's a story teller.

解析：选A 推理判断题。根据文中的“love his shows ... wherever he performs”，“Nick have the little ones laughing”，“say thank you for the excellent children's party”和“Thank you for a fantastic night”等信息可知，Nick给大家特别是孩子带去欢乐，因此是一名喜剧表演者。

Ⅴ.任务型阅读

How to make true friends

Whether your friendship lasts for a season or a lifetime, here are some ways to make true friends.

Be friendly to people. Your actions should show them that you are a true friend and, in return, they will probably be a true friend to you as well. 1.________ You can't expect someone to be a

true friend if you're not a true friend.

2．________ Although life changes may separate you, you can call each other on the phone, visit each other, write letters, send cards, and communicate online through email and social networking sites.

Find friends with some similar interests. You don't have to have everything in common, but it would be helpful if you had some things in common. 3.________

Learn the difference between good friends and bad friends. 4.________ They are always honest with you and they don't do things to hurt you. Bad friends are those who do not seem to value the friendship. They may never be there for you when you need them or do things that are hurtful to you.

5．________ Once you recognize the differences in good friends and bad friends, decide which friends you want to stay connected with and which ones you're better off without. The friends who will stick with you through good times and bad times are true friends. Let them know that you appreciate your friendship and be sure to stay a true friend to them.

A．Choose your friends carefully. B．Keep in touch with each other. C．Accept your friends for who they are.

D．You have to treat people the way you want to be treated. E．Show your respect to your friends no matter what happens. F．Good friends are those who are there for you when you need them.

G．Having things in common gives you someone to share and enjoy doing something together.

语篇解读：本文为日常生活类说明文。介绍了如何结交真正的朋友。

1．解析：选D 本段的主旨是要友好地对待他人，本选项意为：用你喜欢别人对待你的方式去对待别人。和上下句构成并列关系，共同来说明如何对待他人，所以选D项。

2．解析：选B 由本段中所提到的多种联系方式可以概括出本段的主旨，即保持相互间的联系，所以选B项。

3．解析：选G 本选项承接上一句，进一步说明拥有共同兴趣爱好的好处，所以选G项。

4．解析：选F 结合本段主旨句中提到的“good friends and bad friends”以及后面所提到损友的特征可以推断出本选项要谈及益友的特征与之相对应，所以选F项。

5．解析：选A 本段提到要远离损友、亲近益友，从而可以概括出本段的主旨，即要谨慎选择朋友，所以此处选A项。

Ⅵ.课时微写作(根据提示完成小作文)

There_exist (有) many factories along the river, some of which_have_done_great_harm_to (对……造成损害) the environment. Last year, one of them exploded violently (剧烈的); as a result, the local people got into a great panic. Hearing that some measures had been taken in_time (及时) to prevent the pollution from (阻止) getting bad to worse, they were all more than glad.

人品好的人，自带光芒，无论走到哪里，总会熠熠生辉。人活着，谁都会有烦恼，每天都有烦恼，最重要的是你不理会烦恼，烦恼自然就没有了！因此，朋友们，最好的活法，就只要记住这两句话：烦恼天天有，不捡自然无！当你不开心的时候，想想自己还剩下多少天可以折腾，还有多少时间够你作践。你开心，这一天过了；不开心，一天也过了。想明白了，你就再也不会生气了。当你烦恼的时候，想想人生就是减法，见一面少一面，活一天就少一天，还有什么好烦恼的呢，不忘人恩，不念人过，不思人非，不计人怨。不缺谁，不少谁，对得起良心就好。当你忧伤的时候，想想生活就是一场路过，赤条条来，赤条条去，带不来一丝尘土，带不走半片云彩。什么功名利禄，什么人情往份，啥你都带不走，想明白了，还有什么好难过的？当你不满的时候，想想和富人比，我们活着知足就是幸福。和病人比，我们活着健康就是幸福。和死人比，我们还活着就是幸福。人这辈子想活好，心要简单，人要糊涂。当你生气的时候，想想是否有必要为不值得的人生气？有必要为不值得的事闹心？好好吃饭，好好睡觉，好好养老，好好花钱就可以了。你好好的，家人好好的，一切也就好好的了！当你计较的时候，想想人在世间走，本是一场空，何必处处计较