新目标英语七年级上册名词冠词代词等总结与练习题

Where there is life, there is hope.

远辉教育七年级英语秋季班 第八讲

----名词、冠词、介词、代词及动词的语法

授课人：Miss Yuan 学生： Tel:62379828

一、 初一英语语法专项1 名词。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1.可数名词 单数变复数 法则 规律 例子 一般情况下在名词后面直接+s，sbook—books dog—dogs day—days 1 在浊辅音后面读[z]，在清辅音后tree— trees American- Americans 面读[s]。 以s、x、ch、sh等结尾的单词+es,class-______ watch-______box- ______ 2 读[iz] dish-______ 3 以o结尾的词有生命的+es，读有生命：negro-______hero-______；[z]。 口诀：黑人请英雄吃土豆、potato-______tomato-______mango-______ 番茄和芒果； 无生命：photo-______ 无生命的+s，读[z]。 4 wife-wives(妻子); knife-knives（小刀）; wolf-wolves（狼）; thief-thieves（小偷）; 以f、fe结尾的名词，变f、fe为shelf-shelves (架子)；life-lives（生命、生v+es，读[iz]。个别以f结尾的名活）; 词，直接加s，读[s]。 leaf-leaves（树叶）。 gulf-gulfs (海岸)；roof (屋顶); chief (首领)；serf (农奴); 以y 结尾的，如果y前面是辅音，把y 改为i，再加-es，读[iz]；如果y前面是元音，直接加s，读[z]。 有些名词有不规则的复数形式 辅音加y：____________ baby - babies 元音加y：__________________ 5 Am/is---______ man-men woman-______ tooth-teeth（牙齿） foot-______ mouse—mice 老鼠 child—children 有些名词的单复数形式相同 sheep__sheep 7 __________________ __Chinese__Chinese_ 【练一练】 1.写出下列单词的复数形式。 6 leaf______fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____dish_____ ruler_____peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy_____

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Where there is life, there is hope.

man______ roof_______ sheep_______ key______ story______

1. These are his ________(parent). 3. His father _____(be) a teacher. 4. My friends _____(be) students.

1>There are so many_______(wolf)in the forest. 2>There are three _____(chair) in the classroom.

3>These_______(tomato)are red. 4>______(hero) are great. 5>My brother looks after two______(baby) 6>There are some ______(deer) eating the grass. 7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).

8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles . 9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom. 10>I have two ______(pencil-box).

2、不可数名词

1). 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The food is very fresh. 食品很新鲜。

2). 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。 如：water （水） → waters （水域） orange （橘汁） → oranges （橘子）

3). 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。

如：fruit → fruits food → foods sport--sports

4) 可数名词前可用具体的数词来表示具体的数量。如：two apples, four books等。 不可数名词前通常用\单位词+of\来表示数量。如： a piece of paper, three pieces of paper, a glasses of water等。 3.名词所有格

1）单数名词后直接加 ’s ：

Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的妈妈 2）以s结尾的复数名词，只加 ’

Teachers’ Day教师节 the twins’books双胞胎的书 3）表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加 ’s

Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) 4）表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加’s

Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 4.【诊断评价】

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.

A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has

3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans

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Where there is life, there is hope.

4. That’s art book.

A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads

C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 1. Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day. A. Teacher B. Teacher's C. Teachers' D. Teacher' 2. It's June 1st, it's ________ Day. A. Childrens B. Children's C. Childrens' D. Childrens's 3. Lin Tao is ill, so he has to go to the ________ . A. doctor B. doctor's C. doctors' D. doctor' 4. Where is Mr. Zhang? He is in the ________ . A. teacher's reading room B. teachers' reading room C. teacher reading room D. teachers reading room 5. This is ________ ball. It's not ________ .

A. the boy's, girl's B. the boy's, the girl's C. the boy, the girl D. boys', girls

二、初一英语语法专项2 冠词 1、分类

冠词可分为不定冠词（a/an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。 2、用法

1）.不定冠词（a/an）

不定冠词a (an)表示的意思是“一个”。a用于辅音音素开头的词前； 而an则用于元音音素开头的词前。

例如：The little boy eats an apple, and the little girl eats a banana. （1）用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示“一”。 There is an apple on the plate. （2）第一次提到某人或某物。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary. （3） 在一些固定搭配中 a set of

你学会了吗？咱们来练习一下吧！

1._____bike is very useful in the countryside. 2.There is _____car in the yard.

2）. 定冠词（the）放在名词前，表示特定的事物或人。 （1） 第二次提到某人或某物，用定冠词the

Look! There is a ball under the table. The ball is mine. （2） 用于指说话双方都知道的事物或人。 Would you mind closing the window?

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Where there is life, there is hope.

（3）放在序数词前。

Monday is the second day of the week. （4） 表示世上独一无二的事物。

The earth goes around the sun.

（5） 演奏某项乐器时，乐器前需加the。如：

play the drums/play the piano/ play the violin （6） 在一些固定搭配中。如：

in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 3）.零冠词用法

(1)在季节、月份、星期、节日、日期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词； It is very cold in winter in Beijing. (2）在一日三餐、表示球类运动名词前不用冠词。

After we have lunch, we will play football. （3）在固定搭配中,名词前不需要用冠词。如：

at school 在学校 go to bed睡觉 hand in hand 手拉手 3.【诊断评价】

1. He often has ________ egg and some milk for breakfast. A. / B. a C. the D. an 2. ---What’s the trouble with Lingling?

---She doesn’t go to________ school and stay in _____bed now. A. a; / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 3. ---Do you have _______ dictionary?

---No, but Lucy has ______ new dictionary on the bookshelf. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 4. _______ earth is round.

A. A B. An C. The D. / 6. I hope you have ______ happy day today. A. a B. an C. the D. / 7. _______ Whites are having dinner together. A. A B. The C. An D. /

8. There is _______ orange and some pineapples in the basket. A. the B. / C. a D. an

9. Lisa has _______ hat. ______ hat is very beautiful. A. a; A B. an; A C. a; The D. an; /

10. I’m watching_______ movie. It is about_______ interesting love story. A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an

三、初一英语语法专项3 介词。介词（虚词），不能在句子中独立充当成分。它总是用于名词、代词、或相当于名词的其它词类或短语活从句前。 1. In 1） What’s this in English? 2） My sister and I are in the same school. 3） Jack and Mary are in the same class.

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