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参赛队号 # 1346
第五届“认证杯”数学中国
数学建模网络挑战赛 编 号 专 用 页
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参赛队号 # 1346
2012年第五届“认证杯”数学中国
数学建模网络挑战赛
题 目 白屋顶计划对全球变暖和节能减排的作用探究 关 键 词 白屋顶计划 全球变暖 节能减排 辐射量 综合评估
摘 要
本文旨在建立合理的数学模型来评估“白色屋顶”对节能减排和抑制全球变暖的效果,并对不同城市的具体情况进行全面的分析,给出一个具体的判断准则,以评估不同城市实施计划的价值。
模型一,基本模型。我们取一个城市作为普遍模型,设定城市的基本参数。首先进行房屋面积与城市面积的拟合,并对该地区的光辐射能量进行计算;其次对白屋顶与灰屋顶的反射量和吸收量进行比较,得出在白屋顶计划的实施后,城市的温度降低了1.66
101.54?10kw/h,二摄氏度,煤的消耗量减少了1.89?10Kg、电能的消耗量减少了
9氧化碳的排放量减少了4.7?109Kg。由此可以看出实施白屋顶计划对于节能减排和抑制全球变暖有很明显的效果。
模型二,实体直接模型。我们选取了北京、哈尔滨、上海、郑州、拉萨、昆明,六个气候具有显著特征的城市,根据各个城市的面积、日照时间,对每个城市的年总辐射量进行了计算,得出两者对光的反射总量的差值,进而得出白色屋顶比灰色屋顶节约的能量。接着利用热量计算公式,得出六个城市在应用白色屋顶后将会下降1.5~4.3摄氏度,这说明白屋顶计划对一直全球变暖有很明显的抑制作用。
模型三,实体间接模型。由模型二的数据,我们可以计算出六个城市的煤炭消耗量、电能消耗量、二氧化碳的排放量均有10~10数量级的降低,尤其是北京、上海这样的高能耗城市。另外,我们还可以得出以下结论:由于地理位置、城市化程度、工业化程度、城市建筑面积的差异,“白色屋顶计划”实施对不同城市的作用效果不同,因此,可以设定城市煤炭消耗量、二氧化碳排放量、电能消耗量、城市的纬度作为参数,来评价不同的城市对该计划的施行价值
本论文对“白屋顶计划”进行了更全面,更有效的研究,并得到了具有说服力的结论。探究白屋顶计划对节能减排、抑制全球变暖甚至环境保护方面的作用,最后得出一个具体的判断准则,以便不同的城市判断该计划的施行价值。
1012参赛队号 1346
所选题目 B
参赛密码 (由组委会填写) 参赛队号 # 1346
Abstract
This article is aimed at establishing reasonable Mathematical models to estimate the effort of “white proof”in Energy saving and Global Warming reducing, Besides, we Conduct a comprehensive analysis to the specific circumstances of different cities and conclude a specific Criterion, which evaluates the values of Implementing the plan in different cites.
Model one, the basic model. We adopt one city as general model, setting the basic Parameters. At first we match the house size and cite size, and Calculate the Optical radiation energy of this areas; second we compare the Reflectivity and absorption volume between white proofs and gray proofs. From which we conclude: after Implementing the\1.66 degrees, reducing Coal consumption, energy consumption and Carbon dioxide emissions. From above we can know the implementation of \clear effort in Energy saving and Global Warming reducing.
Model two, entity direct model. We took Beijing, Harbin, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Lhasa, Kunming, and these cities all have significant characteristics in climate. Then we computed the six cities’ total annual solar radiation based on the urban area and the time of sunshine. And we got the difference of the amount of light reflection between white roof and gray roof, and then we got the energy that the white roof saved. Through heat calculation formula we got that the
temperature in these six cities would drop 1.5 to 4.3 degrees Celsius. And it shows the white roof plan will restrain the global warming effectively.
Model three, entity indirect model. Through the date in model two we can figure out that the coal consumption, power consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide in the six cities all reduced on the order of 10~10, especially in energy-intensive city such as Beijing and Shanghai. Moreover, we draw the following conclusion: the white roof plan would have different effect in different cities due to the differences in latitude, urbanization degree, industrialization degree and the building area. So we could set the amounts of coal consumption, emissions of carbon dioxide, power consumption and the latitude as parameters to assess the value of the plan in different cities.
In this article we did more comprehensive and more effective researches on the “white roof plan” and we got some persuasive conclusions what make the value of the white roof plan reflected more directly in energy conservation and emission reduction, global warming and even in environmental protection. And finally get a specific judgment criteria, so that different cities can judge the plan for the implementation of value.
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