从心理分析角度解读《洛丽塔》中亨伯特的人格

School of foreign language,Hebei University of Science and Technology

the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Lee. Ta.\his life was to live together with Lolita.

Humbert could not control his id by himself so that he committed one of the world's most immoral and evil crime-rape. Humbert's strong desire to accost and his lust for possessing Lolita existed at the same time. \pocket, she was mine.\(Nobokov, 2000:132) Even after struggling to seek Lolita for three years , when he again faced the gaunt and pregnant Lolita, he still begged her to return to his side. In fact, his obsession with Lolita did not decline, and he never wanted Lolita to grow up. It is inevitable that with the growth of Lolita's age, he gradually lost the control of Lolita who later fell in love with Quilty. Here id is the born and the most primitive part of unconscious structure in one's character.

It is the foundation of personality formation, basically being composed of desire. The composition of id is called Libido as the primitive instinct of life. It contacts with the physical what is the source of its energy and the place where psychic energy can be stored. The id unconditionally behaves according to pleasure principle. Humbert's irrepressible id represents the inner world of biology, which completely ignores the outside world.

The id completely has no right or wrong morality and space-time restriction, aiming to seek the maximum satisfaction to instinctual need and elimination of mental stimulation without any scruple. It is Humbert's inevitable id leads to his fatal destruction. Quilty and Humbert are in the same grade. Being absurd, strange and evil, Quilty took the writing of child pornography as his own hobby. Quilty played with Lolita and abandoned her, but Lolita adored him more. When Humbert found that Quilty had taken Lolita away from his side, he turned to be extremely angry. And his infatuation for Lolita also became the byproduct of anger. Humbert's infatuation for Lolita was not only the evil desire to young girls, but also an attempt to to kill his own nightmare for the sin and despair in revenge. Finally, in Quilty's dwellings, Humbert shot Quilty several times to express his anger. In fact, Humbert and Quilty were the shadows of each other. The pun of Humbert's name suggested that he was

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School of foreign language,Hebei University of Science and Technology

Quilty's shadow. It took Humbert a few years to track and finally ended at his rival Quilty's home where he shot him. When destructing the shadow at the same time, Humbert also destroyed himself. After Lolita and her daughter also die off, even Humbert himself was doomed. At last, he died of coronary artery thrombosis in prison.

4.2 The ego of Humbert

Humbert is regarded as a devil figure by many people. It is unforgivable that his id has no end. In fact, he was always plagued by his inner contradictions and conflicts: whether to comply with the id or obey behavior standard of the ego. From Humbert's monologue, we learn that he tried to be a good man. He often hovered between the uncontrollable id and the ego protecting one's face. As a result, he had to suppress the extreme and uncontrollable desire.

Humbert has a handsome appearance, being knowledgeable, and is a very talented linguist. The first lover Annabel's death gave him a lifetime scar that was difficult to erase, and had a great effect to his later strange psychology. After growing up, he found himself have a different feel to the opposite sex from normal people. When people around was enjoying the normal happiness with their lovers, while he had to conceal his strange desire. He clearly knew that if being found to be a pedophilia, he would be cast aside by the world. In order to cover his own strange hobby, Humbert married Valeria, trying to loose the nerve which had been tight all the time under the cover of her. But his effort is in vain. Due to the overweight mental pressure, he sent himself into a mental hospital several times. In order to be close to Lolita, he was willing to marry Mrs. Haze. In order to eliminate the barrier from Mrs. Haze, he fantasied to kill her in his mind. But even if the plan was arranged perfectly, he also could not do that because of his not evil nature. Being extremely tormenting, he found himself suffer from the pain that normal people could not imagine : With the hidden secret, his nervous nerves was added heavy weight again for being repeatedly frustrated of hopelessness and guilty of attempting to murder but hurt his own wife unconsciously. He even could not help thinking that the accidental death of Mrs. Haze was caused by his evil desire.

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School of foreign language,Hebei University of Science and Technology

In addition, he tried his best to be a good stepfather. In order to get Lolita, he did all he can to meet Lolita's material requirements at all costs. Being always under huge torment of the inner conflict, Humbert had broken down for several times. He tried to adjust the original need of id for matching the condition on realistic environment; regulate and solve the conflict between the id, the ego and the superego.

4.3 The superego of Humbert

Humbert's superego complying with morality and customs guidelines had been collapsed. Humbert drove in a reverse direction, with the thought that it is fine to abandoning love rules, so is to ignore laws and regulations. In order to avoid the cars getting in his way, he drove to rush out of the road and was arrested.

Ironically, he was arrested because of improper drive, rather than the two most immoral crimes he committed-murder and rape. For violating the social ethics standards, he should take the corresponding responsibility, and bear strict punishment. Humbert is well aware of that: “What I had madly possessed was not she, but my own creation, another, fanciful Lolita- perhaps, more real than Lolita...indeed, no life of her own.\of Humbert is that he not only made himself revel in his own fantasy reality, but also induced Lolita to be the image he created for her.

Superego is the moralization of oneself, generally speaking conscience, rationality, etc. It is the highest supervision and punishment system in the personality structure. Making the ego get rid of the id, the superego acts according to the social norms and requirements, and its code of conduct is morality principle. The id seeks happiness; the ego pursuits reality restricted by realistic environment; the superego is measure of right and wrong, good and evil. It stands for ideality, not reality, and pursues perfectness, not happiness. Its main responsibility is to direct oneself so as to limit activities of the id. Humbert admitted that he was guilty of rape. It means that he has realized his quenchless id deserved to be condemned by the social. At the same time, he made his efforts to the ideal, striving for the perfect personality.

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School of foreign language,Hebei University of Science and Technology

V. Conclusion

The novel Lolita is written by Russian-born American novelist Vladimir Nabokov. As a psychological novel, most parts of it are the monologue of Humbert Humbert a convict sentenced to death, describing the love story between a middle-aged man and an underage girl. However it is not only a novel, but also a medical record, and a classic work in psychiatric field.

In Lolita, Vladimir Nabokov puts forward the themes of lust, infatuation and love to show the essence of people's soul and their id. Humbert could not restrain his powerful id, resulting in non-ethical rape and bloody murder. Humbert tried his best to protect ego, but his superego failed to hold back his strong id. He couldn't avoid the responsibility for the severe consequences which his uncontrollable had brought about. Although Humbert committed the unforgivable crimes, he finally dared to take the responsibility for killing the young girl. It proved that he still worked towards to the moral norms of his own understanding. The three systems of Humbert's personality could not keep balance, so his personality did not develop normally. The tragedy of Humbert’s life comes from the struggle among his id, ego and superego. That is to say, Humbert’s paradoxical personality results in his tragedy.

Personality is complex. Be willing to develop a sound personality, people's ego must be in harmony with society and the external world, inhibiting the impulses which cannot be accepted by superego, controlling one's own desires, at the same time having to respond for and punish the behaviors what violate moral standards of conduct. Only in this way can people use the goal according with social norms to take place of the lower-level realistic goals, and then get the sublimation of personalities, and finally achieve perfect personalities.

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