2012版深圳牛津七年级第三单元课文及语法知识归纳[1]

深圳乐知教育辅导中心 七年级英语资料

Grammar

名词是表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称。名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以用数字进行计算的名词，不可数名词表示不能用数字进行计算的。可数名词有单复数形式，若要表示一本书、一只鸟、一棵树等概念，需使用名词的单数形式。表示名词的单数时，要在名词前面加上冠词a或an.若要表示两个或两个以上的概念时，要用到名词的复数形式。

My younger sister has a job in a store. 我妹妹在商店工作。 She has two jobs.她打两份工。

一、可数名词与不可数名词 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 表示单个人和事物。 表示一群人或一些事表示物质或不具备形表示动作、状态、品物的名称。 状和大小的个体的物质或其他抽象概念。 质。 mother, flower, tree, people, police, family milk, rice, bread news, weather, love bag English,water, money, 注:集体名词做主语时,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,如果强调整体用单数,强调个体或成员,则用复数. The police are searching for him.

The Chinese people are brave and hardworking. 二、名词复数形式变化： （1）规则变化

1）一般变化， 在名词后加-s，如：book—books; bag—bags

2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名面，加-es，如：bus—buses; box—boxes; watch—watches; wish—wishes;

glass—glasses

3) 以辅音字母加-y结尾的单词，变y为i再加-es，如：city—cities; country—countries; study—studies;

family—families

4) 以f或fe结尾的单词，有些将f或fe变为v, 再加-es; 有些只加-s : wife—wives; knife—knives;

wolf—wolves; thief—thieves; shelf—shelves; myself—myselves; life—lives; half—halves; leaf—leaves; roof—roofs; chief—chiefs; belief—beliefs; proof—proofs; handkerchief—handkerchiefs/handerchieves(手帕／头巾) 记住下面这首顺口溜，相信你就不会觉得难了。

妻子（wife）持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolr)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌； 躲在架后(shelf)保己命(myself)， 半(half)

片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 按：顺口溜中的红体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小

偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同(如：myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himself，herselfitself→themselves)。

5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加-s ，有些加-es。如：

hero—heroes; Negro—Negroes; potato—potatoes; tomato—tomatoes (两人两菜)

photo—photos; radio—radios; piano—pianos; studio—studios; bamboo—bamboos; zero—zeros/zeroes;

（２）不规则变化 child—children; foot—feet; tooth—teeth; goose—geese; mouse—mice; man—men; woman—women

注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。Englishman—Englishmen; Frenchman—frenchmen; 但German—Germans(不是合成词) （３）单复数同形 deer; sheep; fish; Chinese; Japanese （４）有些名词只用复数形式：

clothes(衣服); pants(短裤；裤子); jeans(牛仔裤); shorts(短裤); glasses(眼镜); scissors(剪刀) 这类词常与a pair of ; two pairs of 这样的短语连用 （５）某些词虽以s结尾，但仍为单数；

a. maths, politics, physics等学科名词，一般是不可数名词，为单数； b. news为不可数名词；

c. the United States(the US); the United Nations(the UN) 应视为单数; 三、不可数名词只有单数形式。

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深圳乐知教育辅导中心 七年级英语资料

物质名词通常属于不可数名词。如：

液体和气体：water; milk; air; 思想和感觉：beauty; love; hate 极小的物体：rice; salt; sand 学校科目：English; Maths; Art

四、一般现在时中，单数可数名词和不可数名词后要用动词的第三人称单数形式；可数名词复数后要用动词原形。如：

This orange comes from Germany. This coffee comes from Germany. These oranges come from Germany. 五、不可数名词的量词

物质名词的数量，一般用单位或容器的量表示，即“单位＋of＋物质名词”的形式。 I had a bowl of soup and two cups of tea just now. 我刚刚喝了一碗汤和两杯茶。 如 a piece of; a bottle of ; a glass of ; two cups of

There be 句型

There be 句型与have（has; had）的各种形式的区别

1、there be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） There is a vase on the table.

2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ; 主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最邻近be 动词的那个名词决定,即“就近一致”。

There is a duck in the pond. There are some ducks in the pond.

There is a ball and some toys on the floor. There are some balls and a toy on the floor.

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词提到句首。在there be句型的般疑问句中，如果可数名词的复数形式和不可数名词前没有别的修饰词，往往都要用any来修饰。

There isn’t s a vase on the table. Is there a vase on the table? --Is there a post office near here? --Yes, there is .

--Are there any students in the classroom? --No, there aren’t. Are there any teachers from America in your school? Is there any rice in your bowl

4、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。 I have a lot of friends in the classroom. There are a lot of students in the classroom.

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。 There is some water in the glass. There isn’t any water in the glass.

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句，or 用于否定句。 There isn’t a pen or two books on the desk.

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？

--How many students are there in your school? --There are about two hundred (students in our school).

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：What’s + 介词短语？ There is a bird in the tree. →What’s in the tree?

There are some bikes over there. →What’s over there? There is a little girl in the room. →Who is in the room?

９、There be结构一般用在句子的开头，而have等词只能用于某一个主语后面。 习题：

1. I want to buy ________.

A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks 2. They don’t have to do _______ today.

A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.

A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _______.

A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day 5. ______ room is next to their parents’.

A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.

A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary

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深圳乐知教育辅导中心 七年级英语资料

7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______.

A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many ______ are singing over there.

A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _______.

A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _______.

A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.

A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many ______ in the fridge.

A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.

A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’ 15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.

A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.

A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.

A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. ______ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s

19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.

A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 20. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.

A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.

A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two ______ in the room.

A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven ______ in a week.

A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.

A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________.

A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America

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深圳艾思教育辅导中心 七年级英语资料

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