V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比(2018年11月8日)

V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比(2018年11月8日）

【一】作表语：主语+系动词+表语（系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste,

seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）

看主语是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored.

V-ing物:The film is boring. ※“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态：They were trapped.(状态) They were trapped by the flood.(动作)

【二】作定语：单个分词+名词/代词；名词/代词+分词短语（分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句）

看与所修饰词的关系：

V-ed被动、完成：guests（who were） invited to the party; a developed country V-ing主动、进行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country

※ a reading room—a room for reading(V-ing表用途) 【三】作宾补：

看与宾语的关系：V-ed被动、完成； V-ing主动、进行

【1】感官动词（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+宾语+宾补 I saw a man knocked down by a car just now. I hear a girl singing in the next room.

【2】使役动词（have, make, get, keep, leave）+宾语+宾补 Have you got your films developed? I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.

※”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by all the people at the meeting. ※ “have+sth+done”表示：主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的事/使某事被做

【3】表示“希望、要求”的动词（want, wish, like, expect, order）+宾语+宾补 也可在V-ed前加to be

The boss wouldn’t like the problem (to be) discussed. 【4】“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语 With the matter settled, we all went home. 【四】作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句。 看与逻辑主语的关系：

V-ed被动、完成： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden.

V-ing主动、进行:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city. V-ed、V-ing作状语，可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等，构成“连词+分词”的结构

When (it is) completed, the park will be open to the public. When (you are) crossing the road, you must be careful. 【五】现在分词两种体

【1】现在分词有两种形式：一般式：doing

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