江苏七市2017-2018学年度高三第三次调研测试英语试题(有答案，含听力mp3)

Savage River Lodge features 18 private cabins, providing the ultimate camping Savage River Lodge From $1,155 pp 7 nights. experience for families to reconnect with nature. Our expertly-led, small group walking holidays take you further into the potted history, rich culture and raw natural beauty of our destinations. So, call us today to book your next holiday--mile after mile of walking in wonder awaits. All holidays include: flights, accommodation, meals. A. The Sorrento Peninsula. B. Puerto de Soller. C. Tavira.

D. Savage River Lodge.

57. How does the leaflet recommend the tourist destinations? A. By comparing different prices. B. By introducing their features. C. By telling their historical stories. D. By listing thoughtful services.

B

Symbolic communication in the form of language underlies our unique ability to reason--or the conventional wisdom holds so, A new study published in Science, though, suggests our capacity to reason logically may not actually depend on language, at least not fully. The findings show babies still too young to speak can reason and make reasonable deductions.

The authors--a team from several European institutions--studied infants(婴儿) aged 12 and 19 months, when language learning and speech production has just begun but before complex mastery has been achieved. The children had to inspect distinct objects repeatedly--such as a dinosaur and a flower. The items were initially hidden behind a black wall. In one set of experiments the animation(动漫) would show a cup scooping up (舀出) the dinosaur. Half of the time, the barrier would then be removed to reveal, as expected, the remaining flower. In the rest of the instances, though, the wall would disappear and a second dinosaur would be there.

The children deduced in these latter occurrences that something was not quite right, even though they were unable to express in words what was wrong. eye-tracking--a commonly used technique to judge mental abilities in preverbal (语前的)children and apes--showed infants stared significantly longer at scenes where the unexpected object appeared behind the barrier, suggesting they were confused by the reveal.\results indicate that the acquisition of logical vocabulary might not be the source of the most fundamental logical building blocks in the mind,\says lead study author Nicolo Cesana-Arlotti, A major component of human logic, he notes, relates to thinking about alternative possibilities and eliminating inconsistent ones: Does the dinosaur sit behind the barrier or does the flower? In a formal logic this is called a disjunctive syllogism(析取三段论): A or B; not if A, therefore B.

Cesana-Arlotti acknowledges his findings do not deny the importance of language and symbolic communication to

9

and most Call us today to book your holiday 01707 386803 browse ramblersholidays.co.uk or join us on. 56. Which of the following is suitable for family camping? human brain development, and to our evolutionary backstory. Yet the new research suggests that perhaps it is not entirely necessary to shape the brain's logical reasoning capacities. He plans further work studying how logic before the development of language might still differ from reasoning abilities that appear once language comes along, as language may open additional reasoning abilities unavailable to the speechless brain.

\adds.

58. We can learn from the new study published in Science that_____. A. the ability to reason logically is unique to humans B. babies are too young to make reasonable deductions C. language is not a requirement for some basic reasoning D. the new findings correspond with the conventional ideas 59. The researchers draw the conclusion from the fact that_____. A. the infants were aware of illogical outcomes B. the infants inspected distinct objects over and again C. the infants were very sensitive to the removal of the barrier D. the infants showed interest in the appearance of the dinosaur

60. The underlined word \A. resisting B. removing C. expanding D. exploring

61. According to the text, what will Cesana-Arlotti study further? A. The mental development of babies. B. The initial state of logic in the mind.

C. Distinctions between verbal and preverbal logic. D. Additional reasoning abilities of the speechless brain.

C

People love spreading information and sharing opinions. You can see this online: every day, 4 million new blogs are written, 80 million new photos are uploaded and 616 million new tweets are released into cyberspace. We experience a burst of pleasure when we share our thoughts, and this drives us to communicate. It is a useful feature of our brain, because it ensures that knowledge, experience and ideas do not get buried with the person who first had them, and that as a society we benefit from the products of many minds.

Of course, in order for that to happen, merely sharing is not enough. We need to cause a reaction. Each time we share our opinions and knowledge, it is with the intention of having an impact on others. Here's the problem, though: we approach this task from inside our own heads. But if we want to have an impact on others, we need to understand what goes on inside their head.

What determines whether you affect the way others think and behave or are ignored? You may assume that numbers and statistics are what you need to change their point of view. Well, experiments have pointed to the reality

10

that people are not driven by facts. They are not enough to alter beliefs, and they are practically useless for motivating action. Consider climate change: there are mountains of data indicating that humans play a role in warming the globe, yet approximately 50% of the world's population doesn't believe it. What about health? Hundreds of studies show that exercise is good for you and people believe this to be so, yet this knowledge fails miserably at getting many to step on a treadmill(跑步机).

The problem with an approach that prioritizes information is that it ignores the core of what makes us human: our motives, our fears, our hopes, our desires, our prior beliefs. In fact, the tsunami of information we are receiving today can make us even less sensitive to data because we've become accustomed to finding support for absolutely anything we want to believe with a simple click of the mouse. Instead, our need for agency, our craving to be right, and a longing to feel part of a group really count. It is those motivations we need to tap into to make a change, whether within ourselves or in others.

62. People love spreading information and sharing opinions because _____. A. they often think their thoughts are superior to others' B. they can provide a lasting pleasure of communication C. they want to affect the behaviours and beliefs of others D. they are able to understand others' inner world better

63. The examples of climate change and health indicate that _____. A. data and logical thinking aren't bound to change minds B numbers and statistics are persuasive enough to others C. people's deeds and minds don't agree with each other D. people are fed up with huge amounts of data and studies 64. What does the writer stress in the passage? A. Behaviors determine our beliefs. B. Our desires shape what we believe. C. We shouldn't force our ideas on others. D. Too much information serves no purpose.

D

My dearest daughter,

As I looked across at you sitting on the sofa watching The X Factor, I noticed that you are no longer a child, and that having just celebrated your 14th birthday, you are now a young woman starting a journey into becoming an adult woman. As I looked at you, I remembered myself at 14, and the vastly different places we are beginning this journey from.

Your identity as a mixed-race young woman, with an English father and a Pakistani mother, has already influenced how you place yourself in this world. As yet, you are unaware of the personal struggles that I took at the age of 25 to marry. How it felt when my mother refused to come to my wedding. The sharp criticisms of the Asian community that such marriages do not work out and always end in divorce. The confidence I had to grow, as we chose to live in a multicultural community, as I refused to be shamed into living in the leafier white suburbs.

11

April 2018, Manchester