GRE issue 部分高频提纲和作文

Society

170 The surest indication of a great nation is not the achievement of its rulers, artists, scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.

同意：

反对：类比人，一个人之有钱，人们会尊重，但能给朋友唱歌，弹琴，写诗即使没钱也会受人尊敬 United States is a great nation not only because it is the richest nation in the world, but also the numerous scientific discoveries and inventions, artists, and political leaders who make great contribution to the civilization of human beings. 在中国，我们的先人虽然比我们穷，但是中国人更加为我们灿烂的历史而自豪，因为那儿有四大发明four great inventions，有伟大的诗人，爱国者和医者。

合：overall national power综合国力 is not only relies on the welfare of all its people,

192 Success in any realms of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.

36 The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries.

The greatness of individuals is the reflection of their contributions to society at that time as well as the influence in the future. If the achievement of a historical person is only decided by the people living in the 21st century, we’ll unfortunately lose a valuable perspective from which we can objectively judge the person.

Admittedly, it is true that many well-known great men who made great contribution is not fairly treated at their contemporaries. In the perspective of the people who live after them, people tend to judge them with equality. Kafka, a famous German novelist and short story writer, was a clerk in the bank all his life and died young and anonymous. Bruno, the famous Italian economist who improved and transmitted the heliocentric theory, is regarded as heretic and persecuted to death. Still, there are many that used to be obscure and misunderstood become well-known and respected by people now.

Notwithstanding all the foregoing words, still it is too early to arrive at the conclusion that the greatness of individuals can not decided by those lived by their contemporaries. Two reasons are provided below to further illuminate my opinion.

Firstly, what makes a great man is not what we think of him, but the devotions and the contributions to those living at their time. The cause to which a great individual dedicated his life, whether was appreciated or misrepresented at that time, cast tremendous influence on his era. In this way, we are able to have the chance to recognize them from the words of our ancestors indirectly. In other words, we are just reviewers in front of the awe-inspiring (formidable) history and sometimes correct the mistakes that been made by our predecessors. The bases upon which we judge a great historical figure is established by the people by their contemporaries. Take the above mentioned Bruno as an example. Although he was persecuted by the authority and the Catholic Church, Bruno, as a solid defender of the heliocentric theory, has made great contribution to the

transmitting of the theory. Large numbers of people therefore learned the truth from him and he is thus remembered in the heart of numerous people at that time. In that way, people living after him are able to respect him and discuss about his greatness.

Secondly, our value system has changed over time and will continue to change forever going. Judging a historical individual only by the contemporary value system is not sufficient, even unfair, to profoundly understand and investigate him. Even if the point of views nowadays are different from those hundreds of years ago, there is no absolutely right or wrong as people live in different social environment and grow up among different value systems. The greatness of any historical figure is the sum of now and the past. Both the people who live after them and those living with them play vital role in deciding his greatness.

All in all, there is no denying that many individuals are treated dramatically different before and after his death. However, it is too imprudent to argue that the greatness is decided only by the people who live after him. Moreover, the contributions made to those living at their time are the fundamental reasons to the fame after his death. In the final analysis, both the judgments before and after his death are all the reflections of what he had done, even if they are quite the contrary. 同时期 ： live by their contemporary/in the same period/at the same time

不同： different/quite the contrary(opposite)/discrepancy(conspicuously different)/distinction

Education

51 \needs and interests of each student.\

首先,讲一下现在教育的现状：people go to school to get information, they are told what to do and never make mistakes, they have to pass the standardized test and those who get straight As are valued as the talent. We take the standardized college entrance exams in China to get to college, Ironically, right now I am taking the standardized GRE analytical writing exams in order to study abroad. The whole education system is like a huge factory producing the workers and employees day and night. However, many people are just doing what they are asked or even forced to do, students don’t know why, what’s even worse, they fail to know who they are.

然后，讲一下这并不是教育的本质。从词源和模板句组成第二段。

第三段，Instead of industrialized education where we set standardization as the primary principle, Education need to be more agricultural, serving as a farmer to create the best conditions for the students to flourish. The ancient Chinese philosopher and educationist Confucius said thousands of years ago “we need to teach students according to their aptitude”. The translation is not so formulated and touching in the Chinese version, however, it tells us that we need to recognize the importance of individualized education which has been already known thousands of years ago. ~~ 兴趣是最好的老师 ~~ 让学生学习他喜欢的事情，效率高，并且得到快乐~~ they will not disappointed, attract their attention~~ However, never spoils them. Keep them away from the harmful interest and habit and induce them and cultivate their interest in those fields that will do them good.

128 It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and spirit. In reality,

however, formal education tends to restrains our minds and spirits rather than set them free.

首先：谈下教育的本质。In etymology, education derived from the latin word “educare”, meaning to “bring up”, which is similar to “educere”, meaning to “bring out within” and “ducere”, meaning “to lead”. In my opinion, the aim of education is to find out the sparkle of truth and beauty ~~~ and candle the flame of life with peace, happiness and success.(or find the natural treasures buried deep in our heart)

然后:We have steered too far away from the original purpose. Even if they are in name of our own good.

1.对错误不正确的对待 we were told when young that never make mistakes, it is the worst thing to do. However, without mistakes, no one can make something original. We stigmatize mistakes. Piccasso once said, every child is born an artist. I do believe that every child and every student have been granted the extraordinary creativity equally by God. However, the current educational system is squandering them. We never grow into creativity, we grow out of it. 2．Lay too much emphasis on academic study. Dominate our view of intelligence. Ignore the value of 艺术的培养和其他方面的提高。如没有人教每天舞蹈

3. 在industrialization 的过程中，教育将工作放在第一位，很多老师和学生都把教育当做为了以后能够找到好工作的途径。因此很多放弃了我们的兴趣，仅仅为了以后可能的高工资。

Technology and science

88 Technologies not only influence but also determine the social customs and ethics. 同意：influence。The influence of technology has gone all the way to education, industry, politics, medicine and every other corners of the modern world. Our society has never been so interrelated and interacted, earth has shrank into a village where one thing happened in one part will transmit to the rest immediately. Since the first roaring of the steam engine by Watt, our society has changed dramatically. Think about the incredible revolution of information technology happened recently and continues casting influence on our daily life, sending a message of ten words 100 years ago cost 50 dollars. Nowadays, we can send and get loads of information at the cost of nearly nothing.

但是，科技并不是决定社会文化和价值观的因素。When it comes to the question what determines the social customs and ethnics, many may answer in seconds that it is technology. However, it is not often the case. The customs and ethnics are so deep rooted in the history and culture that even technology can not steer them away. At least it is true in China who has a history of over 5000 years and consistent values and customs that survived the war, invasion and modernization. The customs and ethnics passed on from our ancestors all the way to the generation nowadays. For example, the ancestral worship, the value of unity, the honor of patriotism. And many customs like the Spring festival honoring the homeland and The Dragon

Boat Festival commemorating the patriot and poet Qu Yuan in ancient China.

196 Technology create more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life.

1.许多问题technology are every thing that don’t work well ~~ technology is always wrong, it never solves a problem without creating ten more. However, is it the case？ 2.但是不能忽视这个进步。从医学的角度：As the development of medical science, our quality of life have dramatically increased. Over the past century, life span has more than doubled, in the 1960, 110 millions of children was born and more than 25millions of them died before the age of five, seven years ago, 135 millions of children was born and less than 10 millions of them die before the age of five.从交通的角度：What takes years to travel from Europeans to America at the age of Columbus need only hours nowadays by plane. 从信息的角度：Sending ten words in a message has to cost 50 dollars one hundred years ago, nowadays, we can get loads of information at the cost of nearly nothing.

3.这些问题是可以避免的，每个人会犯错误，在探索未知的领域的时候，科技也会犯错误。但是我们可以从中吸取教训。Which door to open and which door leaves closed.

4．There are inevitably some pain in the development of technology, but the pain is necessary before the rebirth of our society in the light of knowledge and science. Think about the great convenience and dramatic change technology has brought, let’s embrace the marvelous and gorgeous future that technology will bring.

如果主要说科技的不足的话： 两个分论点：

1. Unfortunately, science gathers knowledge much faster than society gathers wisdom. We have

nothing in mind that what we are doing, thus we even lost control of what we have done. The atom bomb, the DDT, the plastic

2. Furthermore, it is appalling obvious that science has exceeded the boundaries of humanity.

Human cloning regardless the ethics. Zavos

41 Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science.

There is no doubt that nonmainstream areas of inquiry bears important meaning in our daily life. However, before proved by scientific research, they serve only as something that helps us understand the phenomena which mainstream science could not explain by far. They are pseudoscience virtually.

It is true that an increasing number of people are interested in those areas such as astrology, fortune-telling and psychic, especially the juveniles. My roommate, a boy who is fascinated in astrology and fortune-telling, bought a lot of books and will refer to the books whatever he do. He is also willing to help us to guide our life with his theory. Another example, when talking about one’s girlfriend or boyfriend, constellation is an important reference to decide whether they are proper matches. Aries man is not a wise choice for a Cancer woman according to the theory of