CET-4（2017.12内部资料）

operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people to buy things.

In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the ―decompression zone‖. People need to slowdown and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tends to be used more for promotion.

Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetables section. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so they should be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.

Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back of a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppers know this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so that people have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost ―dwell time‖: the length of time people spend in a store.

Traditionally retailers measure ―football‖, as the number of people entering a store is known, but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. But nowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a British company tracked people’s phones at Gun wharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth—not by monitoring calls, but by

plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically to cellular （移动的）networks. It found that when dwell time rose by 1%, sales rose by 1.3%.

Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about how shoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about what to buy,

considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious（潜意识的） forces, involving emotion and memories, are clearly also at work.

46. Which area is used for promotion in a supermarket according to the author? A) Halfway along a section in the market.

B) The area immediately inside the entrance of the market. C) Back area of the store. D) The exit of the market.

47. Why did shoppers come to the fresh fruit and vegetables section first according to the author? A) Because people need to slowdown and look around. B) Because this area is bit of a loss.

C) Because fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged.

D) Because selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping. 48. Path Intelligence uses a technology to_______. A) measure how long people stay at a store B) count how many people enter a store C) find out what people buy in a store

D) monitor what people say and do in a store

49. What does Path Intelligence find according to the passage? A) Sales rise as the number of people entering a store rises. B) Sales rise in accordance with the dwell time.

C) Sales have strong connection with the area where goods were put.

D) Sales change with the location of the consumers. 50. What’s the main idea of the passage? A) New Technology Boosts Stores’ Sales. B) How Shoppers Make Choices in Stores. C) The Science behind Stores’ Arrangements. D) Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping. Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Raising prices may not be the only way to balance supply and demand for taxis.

It is a familiar ritual for many: after a late night out you reach for your smartphone to call an Uber home, only to find—disaster—that the fare will be three times the normal rate. Like many things beloved by economists, ―surge pricing‖ of the sort that Uber-users occasionally suffers is both efficient and deeply unpopular. From a consumer’s perspective, surge pricing is annoying at best and absolutely offensive when applied during emergencies. Extreme fare increase often leads to outpourings of public criticism: when a snowstorm paralyzed New York in 2013, celebrities, including Salman Rushdie, took to social media to rail(抱怨) against triple-digit fares for relatively short rides. Some city governments have banned the practice altogether: Delhi’s did so in April.

Uber is sticking with surge pricing for now, but Jeff Schneider, one of its machine-learning experts, recently suggested that the company is interested in developing systems that rely on technology, rather than price, to allocate cars. Even if such a technological fix proves difficult, however, local governments do not need to regulate or ban surge pricing to reduce its pain.

Yet surge fares also demonstrate the elegance with which prices regulate a marketplace. When demand in an area spikes and the waiting time for a car rises, surge pricing kicks in; users requesting cars are informed that the fare will be a multiple of the normal rate. As the multiple rises, the market goes to work. Higher fares ration(定量配送) available cars by willingness to pay: to richer users, in some cases, but also to those less able to wait out the surge period or with fewer good alternatives. Charging extra to those without good alternatives sounds terrible, yet without surge pricing such riders would be less likely to get a ride at all, since there would be no incentive for all the other people requesting cars to drop out. 51. What do consumers think of surge pricing? A) It is efficient and deeply popular. B) It is annoying and offensive.

C) It is three times higher than the normal rate. D) It is a familiar ritual.

52.What does the example of Salman Rushdie intend to express?

A) High fare increase often leads to outpourings of public criticism. B) The celebrities took to social media to complain about the taxi fare. C) Surge pricing is annoying the celebrities.

D) High price of taxi fare couldn’t balance the market when applied during emergencies. 53. What does Jeff Schneider say about Uber?

A) Uber will stick with surge pricing in the future.

B) Uber is interested in developing systems that rely on technology to allocate cars. C) Uber is interested in developing systems that rely on price to allocate cars. D) Uber found it difficult to allocate cars with surge pricing. 54. What’s the function of surge pricing according to the passage?

A) Charge high and get more profits. B) Ration taxies to rich people.

C) Moderate the marketplace and balance the supply and demand. D) Allocate taxies to those with more good alternatives. 55. What’s the attitude of the author towards surge pricing? A) Critical. B) Favorable C) Ironic D) Moderate

Part IV Translation （30 minutes）

Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.

You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

现代中国人的姓名通常由姓（家庭姓氏）和名（个人所起的名字）组成，并且姓在前，名在后。人们的名字反映了不同的时代。如―建国‖寓意建设国家，在老一代人中非常普遍。而现如今新生儿的名字则更加个性化、更有诗意。名字显示了父母们的愿望以及对孩子们的期望，在某种程度上，还显示出了社会的风气。

ModelTest2答案及解析

PARTI Writing 【范文】

Persistence isn’t Always a Virtue

As we know, it is just the virtue of persistence that helped a lot of people to get through the difficult periods. But it doesn’t mean that persistence is absolutely right. ①In many cases, to give up might be wiser than blind persistence. ②There are numerous reasons supporting this argument. ③Firstly, if we insist on some unrealistic goals blindly, it will finally take us to nothing but failure. In this circumstance, we should give up and reset a new goal. ④Secondly, what persistence can bring us isn’t always worth the effort. ⑤For example, you drive to buy a birthday cake for your little girl as you promised. Traffic jam led to three-hour of driving. When you got home, your little girl has already fallen asleep. Consequently, to give up wisely does not mean failure. Instead, it does mean a new probability of success.

⑥Considering the above-mentioned, we can come to the conclusion that giving up selectively and wisely is a kind of wisdom of life. Giving-up sometimes is painful and costly, however, what we gain will definitely faroutweigh what we lose in the long run. 【精彩点评】

①提出与传统观点不一样的看法，不要盲目坚持，而应该明智的放弃。 ②承上启下。

③一方面，我们坚持的目标本身可能不一定是正确的。

④⑤另一方面，通过例子来论证，有时候坚持带给我们的是无法补偿我们失去的。 ⑥下结论，即使放弃可能代价很大，但是从长远来看，明智的放弃是值得的。 【加分亮点】

blind 盲目地

worth the effort值得努力 wisdom of life生活智慧

far outweigh远大于，远远超过 【主题词汇】

implement实施，执行；实现，使生效 determination 决心；果断；测定

a positive life attitude 积极的生活态度 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 【句式拓展】

1. Implement your plans with courage and persistence. 用勇气与坚持贯彻你的计划。

2. Only persistence and determination can give you the power to succeed. 只有坚持和信念能赋予你力量，通往成功之门。 PARTIIListening Comprehension 听力原文 Section A

News item 1

Google is preparing for changes in its privacy policy beginning March 1st. The company says it plans to replace more than 60 separate policies for different products with one main policy.