同济09年考博英语真题

A. Melting snows. B. Large population. C. Steep hillsides. D. Fertile valleys.

22. According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed

A. the introduction of the rifle. B. the spread of British rule. C. the extension of luxuries D. the spread of trade.

23. Building roads by the British

A. put an end to a whole series of quarrels. B. prevented the Pathans from earning on feuds. C. lessened the subsidies paid to the Pathans. D. gave the Pathans a much quieter life. 24. A suitable title for the passage would be

A. Campaigning on the Indian frontier.

B. Why the Pathans resented the British rule. C. The popularity of rifles among the Pathans. D. The Pathans at war.

业革命把人口分散到各地，蒸气机的发明以及后来的汽油机发动机确保了方便的机动性，在这以前，向我们目前所知道的这种礼仪般的家族团聚情况可能很少发生。家族团聚的时候，有不常见面但仍然熟悉的人聚集到一起，从而可以了解到别人生活中最近发生的事情。的确，“顺便看望”在当时一定很频繁，因为，即使一家子的人实际上并不住在一起，相隔也不过几步路。男人很少到遥远的地方娶亲，嫁给外地人的女子在被带到丈夫家的时候，几乎肯定要最后的告别她的父母。

是维多利亚时代的人牢固的确立了家族团聚的风俗。当今人们对这种重要时节的印象是一种奇怪的拘泥于形式、潜伏着纷争的直言不讳和普遍缺乏自然热情的混合体。看来，这样的聚会愈稀少，它对繁荣昌盛和切合实际的反映作用就愈重要。在庄严的场合中，一定要讲究合适的衣服和礼仪，而女主人这不必显示出能够提供丰餐的能力。孩子们以不信任的眼光看着不甚了解的堂（表）兄弟姐妹们，他们必须和成年人的儿女们一起弹钢琴后朗诵来使大伙儿快乐，此时，爸爸妈妈们露出满意的微笑。免不了有些带刺的相互间问长道短、闲谈聊天、对不在场的亲戚们不妙的预测，对艾伯特大叔的怀念和共同的的对童年时代的回忆

Ever since its discovery, Pluto has never really fitted in. After the pale and glowing giant Neptune, it is little more than a cosmic dust mite, swept through the farthest reaches of the solar system on a plane wildly tilted relative to the rest of the planets. It is smaller than Neptune's largest moon, and the arc of

its orbit is so oval that it occasionally crosses its massive blue neighbor's path.

For years, it has been seen as our solar system's oddest planet. Yesterday, however, scientists released perhaps the most convincing evidence yet that Pluto, in fact, is not a planet at all. For the first time, astronomers have peered into a belt of rocks beyond Pluto-unknown until 10 years ago-and found a world that rivals Pluto in size. The scientists posit that larger rocks must be out there, perhaps even larger than Pluto, meaning Pluto is more likely the king of this distant realm of space detritus than the tiniest of the nine planets.

When discovered in 1930, \nothing else to call it but a planet,\says Mike Brown, an astronomer at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. \ In one sense, the question of Pluto's planetary status is arcane, the province of pocket-protected scientists and sun-deprived pen pushers determined to decide some official designation for a ball of dust and ice 3 billion miles away.

Yet it is also unquestionably something more. From science fair dioramas to government funding, planets hold a special place in the public imagination, and how Pluto is eventually seen--by kids and Congress alike-could shape what future generations learn about this mysterious outpost on the edge of the solar system. The debate has split the astronomical community for decades. Even before the distant band of rocks known as the Kuiper Belt was found, Pluto's unusual behavior made it suspicious. Elsewhere, the solar system fit into near families: the rocky inner planets, the asteroid belt, the huge and gaseous outer planets. Pluto, though, was peculiar. With the discovery of the Kuiper Belt--countless bits of rock and ice left unused when the wheel of the solar system first formed-Pluto suddenly seemed to have cousins. Yet until yesterday, it held to its planetary distinction because it was far larger than anything located there.

The rub now is Quaoar (pronounced KWAH-oar), 1 billion miles beyond Pluto and roughly half as large. Named after the creation force of the tribe that originalIy inhabited the Los Angeles basin, Quaoar forecasts problems for the erstwhile ninth planet, says discoverer Dr. Brown: \case is going to get a lot harder to defend the day somebody finds something larger than Pluto. \

To some, the problem is not with Pluto, but the definition of \Greeks, who coined the term, it meant \way that the planets moved across the night sky differently from the stars behind therm. Today, with our more nuanced understanding of the universe, the word no longer has much scientific meaning.

New York's Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years ago by supposedly \Pluto, lumping it with the Kuiper Belt objects in its huge mobile of the solar system. In reality, however, the planetarium was making a much broader statement, says Nell Degrasse Tyson, an astrophysicist there. The textbooks of the future should focus more on families of like objects than \The discovery of Quaoar strengthens this idea: \Everyone needs to rethink the structure of our solar system,\

Still, many are loath to part with the planet Pluto. They note that Pluto, in fact, is distinct from many Kuiper Belt objects. It has a thin atmosphere, for one. It reflects a great deal of light, while most Kuiper Belt objects are very dark. And unlike all but a handful of known Kuiper Belt objects, it has a moon. \

astronomer at the University of Arizona in Tucson. \find this category.\

11. Which of the following is true according to the passage? (A) Rocks larger than Pluto have been found in the Kuiper Belt. (B) The Kuiper Belt did not exist when Pluto was first discovered. (C) The astronomers are divided with regard to the status of Pluto.

(D) There is almost no difference between Pluto and other Kuiper Belt objects. 12. From when was Pluto seriously questioned about its planetary status? (A) As early as 1930. (B) More than a decade ago.

(C) When the Kuiper Belt was discovered. (D) When Quaoar was discovered.

13. The sentence \ (A) There is no problem with Pluto's planetary status.

(B) There is not much difference between Pluto and other planets. (C) There is yet no scientific definition of the term \ (D) There is no clear distinction between planets and stars.

14. Which of the following does not support the statement that Pluto is our \system's oddest planet'?

(A) It is farthest from the sun. (B) It is unusually small.

(C) Its orbit is too oval. (D) It mainly consists of dust and ice.

15. The word \York's Hayden Planetarium caused a commotion two years ago\ (A) exchange of opinions (B) thorough investigation (C) wild imagination (D) agitated confusion

The 100 Aker Wood may look like a dark, forbidding place these days for Michael D. Eisner. That's where Winnie the Pooh, Piglet, and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characters- which represent at least $1 billion a year in revenues for Eisner's Walt Disney Co. --are in full revolt. A 12-years-old lawsuit, sealed in a Los Angeles court until January, has come to light, and a series of court rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties.

How large a hit Disney will take is still in dispute. Disney is appealing two rulings, including one alleging that company executives knowingly destroyed important papers related to its licensing deals. The Pooh affair may seem minor at a time when Eisner is under attack for Disney’s chronically weak stock price and ABC's anemic ratings, but the Disney

chairman hardly needs more jostling from a Silly Old Bear. What's more, the impact could be significant. After acknowledging to the Securities ﹠ Exchange Commission on Aug.9 that \several hundred million dollars\or the loss of the licensing agreement, Disney was hit with new shareholder lawsuits.

Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. Pooh is Disney's single largest property, says Martin Brockstein, executive editor of The Licensing Letter. That adds up to about $100 million in operating earnings from royalties on Pooh T-shirts, backpacks, and other merchandise, figures Gerard Klauer Matheson ﹠ Co. analyst Jeffrey Logsdon. Last year, Disney paid $ 352 million to one pair of heirs of Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne. But the family of Stephen A. Slesinger, a New York literary agent who bought the U. S. rights in 1930, says Disney owes them $ 200 million on licenses for T-shirts and other merchandise and has cut them entirely out of the lucrative videocassette and DVD arena. Headed by Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, an 80-year-old widow who travels with a Winnie-the-Pooh bear everywhere, the family contends it is owed close to $1 billion, say its lawyers. Disney, which says it pays the Slesingers $12 million a year, insists the $1 billion figure is a publicity stunt. \not all exploitation,\

The Slesingers also charge that Disney lost documents related to merchandise sales and destroyed others that extended the accord to DVDs and videotapes. On June 18, Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Ernest M. Hiroshige rejected the audit by a forensic accountant he thought unduly favored Disney and found that Disney \hiding the fact that it destroyed documents that might have expanded the licensing agreement to tapes and DVDs.

Absent those documents-which include the papers of the late Disney Consumer Products chief Vincent Jefferd-the case may hinge on the \memo.\mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at the Beverly Hills Hotel at which Jefferds allegedly told Patricia \videos and all these new things were covered and to shut up about it,\documents. Because Disney destroyed Jefferds' letters, Judge Hiroshige ruled that Disney is barred from \family's contention that they were entitled to royalties on videocassettes. Disney is appealing the ruling.

Settlement seems unlikely among the parties. One obstacle: the still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fields, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case. This time, the character may be soft and fuzzy, but the payout could be bigger. For Eisner, Pooh is becoming one Very Big Bother.