汉译英翻译技巧

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Theory： Translation Process 1. The comprehension

1) Nida: translation process consists in analysis, translating, re-constituting and checking. 2) to read the text carefully and have a correct understanding 3) to understand word meaning 4) to seek help from dictionary 5) to attend to the role of logic 6) to know the role of context

汉英短语比较： 1、汉词英译法：

翻译词，基本任务是词义的对应转换，形式问题是第二位的任务。 对应，又称“直译法。”但必须受一词多义和惯用法等机制的调节。

如：佳期wedding day， 佳人 beautiful woman， 佳节joyful festival， 佳句well-turned phrase， 佳音good news， 佳肴dainty food

2阐释， 主要是难以取得双语对应契合时，义恰如其分的铺衍方式加以解释，常见的是文化隔膜形成的对应障碍。 如：城楼tower over a city gate 民工irregular laborer working on a public project/ migrant worker 留用人员personnel kept on after reshuffle 民乐 traditional instrumental music 井底之蛙 a frog sitting at the bottom of a dried well/ person with very narrow outlook 夜郎自大 be blinded by presumptuous self-conceit

空城计 undefended city, a stratagem of putting up a bluff

3引申，

由一般的、泛指词义到具体的、特指词义的引申

如：时令 season 太平间 mortuary 清茶 green tea/ tea served without refreshments 轻生 commit suicide 体魄健壮的男孩an athletic boy 由具体的、特指词义到一般的、泛指词义的引申。 如：连珠 in rapid succession 文盲 illiteracy 十二万分地（感激）extremely 慢镜头slow motion

微笑外交并非在五湖四海都奏效。Smile diplomacy, then, is working, but not everywhere. 我们客栈热诚欢迎来自五湖四海的朋友！Our hotel welcomes friends from all over the world!

4转换：词类转换，句中肯、否定式 的转换， 例：

人生琐事 the little nothings of life 等闲视之 think nothing of 家常便饭 make nothing of

请来吃顿家常便饭。Come along and take potluck

在北京，堵车是家常便饭。Be in Beijing, blocking a car up is common occurrence.

5. 淡化（虚化）

“闹名利”译为：be out for fame and gain

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“咬耳朵”whisper in sb.’s ear

“洗耳恭听” listen with attentive ears

6. 融合：紧缩语义的代偿手段

如：大小 size，长短length，轻重 weight 始终all along 好歹: what is good and what’s bad 事有曲直：right and wrong

例1别理他，这人不知好歹。 Don't listen to him – he doesn't know right from wrong. 例2万一她有个好歹，请立刻打电话给我。

If something should happen to her, please ring me up at once. 例3 Don't cook us anything more. We'll have whatever there is.

7. 替代

目不识丁 not know one’s ABC 天字第一号A1 裙带风nepotism 中药三七pseudo-ginseng（西洋参）

金不换 precious( be more valuable than gold)

8.音译：

商标：百事可乐PepsiCola；

万事达Master

9. 注释( exegesis)：

最常用的是音译加注（汉语范畴词category word） disco迪斯科舞 hamburg汉堡包 Benz奔驰车

The Times《泰晤士报》

春秋战国Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States， 铁观音 Iron Guanyin tea

Toursim

名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters

奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 鱼米之乡 a land of milk and honey 世外桃源 a haven of peace

Belts of parkland line three sides of the area and four large open squares of lawn and trees break the regularity of the city buildings.

该地区三面与公园带相连，四大开阔的广场有草坪有树木，打破了城市建筑的规律性。 城区三面绿地环绕，四大广场草坪开阔，碧草绿树掩映，打破了城区建筑的单一布局。

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Eating

吃喜酒 attend the wedding banquet 吃药 take medicine

（下棋）吃掉一个子 take a piece

吃掉敌人一个团 annihilate an enemy regiment 连吃败仗 suffer one defeat after another 推上吃了一枪 get shot in the leg

吃闭门羹 be denied entrance at the door ; be refused admission as an unwelcome guest be left out in the cold

吃醋 be jealous

吃官司 be sued / involve in a legal action 吃耳光 get a slap in the face 吃回扣 get commission

这种纸不吃墨水。 This kind of paper doesn’t absorb ink. 茄子很吃油。 Eggplant calls for a lot of oil in cooking. 我可不吃这一套。 I won’t take all this lying down.

他不务正业，专吃白食。 He does not do any honest work and lives off others. 你这老一套现在可吃不开了。 Your old way of doing things won’t work now.

这件事你如果说出去，我叫你吃不了兜着走。 If you let this leak out, I’ll make you sorry for it. 走这么多的路，恐怕你吃不消。 It may be too much for you to walk such a long way. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。 Only those who endure the most become the highest. 再重的卡车，这座桥也吃得住。This bridge can bear the weight of the heaviest lorry. 你别想吃她豆腐。Don’t try to flirt with her.

他要请我们吃馆子。 He is going to invite us out to dinner.

你要先考虑清楚，免得吃后悔药。Think it over before you go so that you won’t regret it later. 形势吃紧。 The situation was critical.

他那坚强的毅力使人吃惊。 His will power is amazing.

他工作努力，能吃苦。 He was hard-working and unafraid of hardships.

他跑得不快，踢足球吃亏。 He can’t run fast and that puts him at a disadvantage as a footballer. 我跑了一天路，感到吃力。 After a long day’s journey, I left exhausted.

只要技术好，到哪儿都吃得开。 A person who has expertise is welcome anywhere. 吃一堑，长一智。 A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.

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