工业工程专业英语中英对照翻译-王爱虎编

them realize that they have to work as a member of a team to facilitate the flow of information within her organization.

她说她用了18个月的时间去培训新雇用的毕业生,使他们了解到在她的组织中每个人都是团队中的一份子,这样才有助于信息的畅通无阻.

Future directions

未来方向

With all of these challenges facing the IE profession, there may be some who doubt the IEs? future. But if the individual IE will assume the role as a change implementer --- not a change follower --- broad opportunities are on the horizon.

工业工程行业所面临的这些挑战会使一些人担心工业工程师的前途,然而,如果每个工业工程师都承担起变化的实施者而不是变化的追随者的角色,则广泛的机会就会出现.

Some see a renewed interest in traditional IE functions, specifically, cost estimation and analysis. E. Rranklin Livingston, senior industrial engineer at Weber USA Inc. , a manufacturer of carburetors and fuel injectors cites a recent request from General Motor?s vice president of world-wide purchasing, J. Ignacio Lopez de Amortua, as proof. “he is expecting drastic cost reductions from suppliers over the next five years, “ says Livingston.

有人发现传统的工业工程中的价值也在更新,但是需要分析和评估.美国沃博公司的高级工程师E.富兰克林.莱温斯顿作为一个汽化器和加油器的制造师应用通用汽车世界收购公司副总裁J.纳西欧.罗伯茨的话说:”他希望未来的5年中将大幅度削减购买所需的资金.”

Livingston points out that Chrysler and Ford will probably follow suit and make similar demands on their suppliers. If that is true, Livingston foresees in the next 10 years that probably more emphasis will be placed on conventional industrial engineering. “but I don?t think it will ever go back to the way it was 25 years ago, “ Livingston says.

利温斯顿指出格瑞斯勒和伏特也将这样做。并对供应商提出相同的要求。如果真是这样的话，利温斯顿预言在未来的10年有可能重点放在如何使工业工程更便利上。他说：“我不认为它会象25年前那样实施。

Others see the IE heading in the direction of large processes and systems. Process thinking has become widespread in recent years, due largely to the quality movement. Industrial engineers seeking to expand their opportunities and improve the quality of operations are now looking at the entire process, rather than just a particular task or business function.]

有些人认为工业工程在系统和程序中起领头的作用。由于质量运做使程序化思想在这

几年传播迅猛。在质量运做中寻求更广机遇和进步的工业工程师们现在关注所有的程序，而不仅仅是一个特别的工作或商业作用。

Two areas that may be of special importance to IEs in the coming years include information technology (IT) and business process redesign. As IT continues to evolve, technological advancements will have a big impact on how companies look at business processes of the next decade. Working together, IT and BPR has the potential to create a new type of industrial engineering, changing the way the discipline is practiced and the skills necessary to practice it.

信息技术和业务流程再造这两个领域未来对工业工程师们特别重要。随着信息技术的发展，先进的技术将影响企业在下个世纪的商业进程。信息技术和业务流程再造的联合操作有创造一个新型的工业工程的潜力。它将改变实用的准则和实际操作的技能。

This whole area of business process re-engineering offers a great opportunity that many IEs have been unwilling to explore. As a result, managers have been reluctant to look to the IE to carry the banner, powers says. “ if we?ve got a problem, it?s of our own doing and our own unwillingness to take the lead in a lot of these major improvement activities,” he states.

商业过程的重新商业化提供了大量的机会，但是许多工业工程师却不愿意去研究。结果，管理人员一直不愿意去采取方法去制止。帕沃说：“如果我们遇到了问题，这些问题也是由于我们自己的所作所为和不愿意在一些重大的改进活动中承担领导角色所造成的。”

On area where IEs have not been so reluctant to get involved is the systems integration arena. If the systems integration function continues to develop at its current rate, this particular role --- that of systems integrator --- will most likely get so sophisticated that it will requite someone with technical knowledge who can look at the bigger picture. “ this is a function for which industrial engineers are uniquely trained,” says Thonmas Hodgson, with the design and manufacturing division at NSF.

有一个领域工业工程师们没有拒绝参与，那就是联合设备领域。如果联合机器继续以它目前的效率发展的话，那么这个特殊的角色将可能回报那些有技术和知识又看好它的人。NSF的设计制造部门的托马斯.霍其逊说：“这就是工业工程师的特别作用。”

As a result, many of the traditional IE functions could be handled by IE technology individuals, while degreed IEs would serve in the consultant role. In this scenario, IEs could have the responsibility of training others, who would then apply it.

结果，工业工程的技术人员可掌握传统工业工程，而工业工程师将从事咨询工作，更不用说工业工程师可以培养那些需要这样技术的人了。

However, many of those opportunities in systems integration are already opening up and if IEs do not step up to the current challenge of systems integration, others may step in and take that function from the IE, says Hodgson.

然而，霍其逊说：“联合设备刚刚打开市场，如果工业工程师不能解决联合带来的挑战，那么别的人将介入并且将缩小工业工程的用途。

“we need to grow in our understanding of the other engineering disciplines so as to better do our job. We need to grow in our capability to make use of the rapidly improving computational capabilities that are available, “ he says.

他说：“我们需要增加对其它工程学科的了解，这样才能更好的做好我们的工作，我们还要增强运用现有的高速发展的计算机的能力。”

More challenges

更多挑战

Whatever the future holds, the biggest threat to IE may be what people do not know about the profession. In an economy where every company is cutting costs and looking for ways to trim excess “fat,” one might think CEOs and managers would be snatching up every available IE. Instead, many corporate executives and human resource managers are turning to other disciplines to fill jobs ideally suited for IEs. “it?s really quite silly, since IEs are the people who save you money,: says Wallace.

不管前景如何，对于工业工程最大的威胁就是人们不了解这个行业。目前经济要求每个企业都节约开支并寻找方法减负的情况下，总裁和经理们要努力掌握使用的工业工程知识。但是，许多执行总裁和人力资源经理却在学习适合工业工程师的相关学科。瓦伦斯说：“既然工业工程师事能节约开销的人，那么这样做就很愚蠢。”

Why is this happening? Because IEs need to do a better job of showing management all of their abilities and talents. While TOM and business process reengineering may pose big challenges, the IE?s broad, fundamental background has provided them with the training and education found in no other profession. Sadly, the specialized tasks that companies are asking individuals from other disciplines to perform are tasks that IEs have always been trained to perform! It is time for IEs to market those abilities accordingly.

为什么会发生这样的事情呢？因为工业工程师需要做一份好的工作以此来向管理部门显示他们的能力和才华。然而，TOM和商业流程再造提出巨大的挑战时，工业工程部却不具备相关的专业知识。让人难过的是企业要求人员解决的专业工作正是工业工程师所学的。现在是让工业工程师推销自己的时候了。

“we have not done a good job of demonstrating and selling ourselves in a way that we truly get recognized for what our mission and our capabilities and our supposed demonstrative performance really is .” says powers.

帕沃说：“我们在展现和推销自我方面做的很不好，其实只有用这种方法我们才能真正认识到自己的任务、能力和我所想展示的自己真正的作用。”

IEs must take the proactive approach and position themselves as leaders of changes occurring in all sectors of industry. In fact, IEs must create the changes. Says Zollenberg, “I think we have to step up to the front and take a leadership role, rather than just sit back and wait for somebody to ask us to do a study.”

工业工程师们必须采取主动并把自己作为所有工业变化的领导者，事实上也就是实施者。周仑.贝格说：“我认为我们有必要作为领导人走在前列，而不是静坐等着别人来要求我们去工作。”

And what about the identity problem? Rudy Herrmann, president of rotary lift, sums it up well when he says, “the ?name game? goes away if we can learn how to be effective functional professionals, and be respected and understand all of our contributions.”

那么，关于一致性的问题呢？亨瑞曼电梯公司的主席亨瑞曼很好的总结说：“如果我们知道如何有效的发挥专业作用，并且尊重和明白我们的贡献，那么命名的游戏就会结束。“

The key is “we.” If every industrial engineer, in industry and academia, will work together to tackle these challenges and make other companies and individuals aware of the IE?s many talents, the age-old identity problem just might be on the brink of fading away.

关键就是“我们”。如果每个工业界和学术界的工业工程师都联合起来迎接挑战，并且让别的企业和个人了解到工业工程师的许多才能，那么长期困扰我们的一致性的问题将会不攻自破。

UNIT THREE

Operations Research

运筹学

Brief history

Operations research is relatively young discipline, being organized as a separate professional field of study only since the end of World War II. The Operational Research Society of the Untied Kingdom (ORS), Operations Research Society of America (ORSA), and the Institute of