上海金山区2019届高三二模英语及答案（含答案）

the scope of the smartphone is a tall order. The smartphone. holds its (40)________ as the device that will make computing and communications worldwide. The recent slowing of smartphone sales is bad news for the industry, obviously.But for the rest of humanity it is a welcome sign that a transformative technology has become almost universal.

III. Reading Comprehension Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D..Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Now, U.?. researchers have identified a new way to treat people infected with tuberculosis (肺结核)before they get sick.

Tuberculosis is one of the world's most (41)________ health threats. The World Health Organization says tuberculosis kills nearly two million people each year. Another two billion are (42)________ : they are infected, but don't have symptoms of the disease. Those at highest risk can take medicine, but Vanderbilt University researcher Timothy Sterling says not everyone (43)________ with the treatment, which is a daily dose of isoniazid (异烟肼，抗结核药) for nine months. So although the medication is highly effective if people take all of their medication, many people do not take all their medication and therefore the effectiveness of the treatment plan is (44)________. As a(n) (45)________, Sterling and his colleagues(46) ________ ??оn?аz?d with another drug, rifapentine (利福喷汀). The combination was taken weekly, not daily, for just three months. And the results of this study showed that the new treatment plan ---the three months of isoniazid and rifapentine --- was as effective as the nine-month isoniazid treatment plan. (47)________, the short-course, three-month treatment plan had higher treatment completion rates and was also well (48)________.

There was some other difference. The two-drug, combination treatment was administered as directly (49)________therapy. That means the patients took their medicine in the presence of a health care worker,to ensure that they followed the treatment plan. This was a large study, involving 7,500 participants in North America, Spain, and Brazil. Sterling (50)________ that most of the people in this study were HIV-negative.The results might be (51)________ for HIV-positive people. A recent study in South Africa indicated that the combination therapy works well in people infected with HIV as well as tuberculosis, but the study was too small to be (52)________

Timothy Sterling's research, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, has been (53)________ by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the CDC. The government health agency recommends the 12-dose weekly combination treatment as an equal alternative to the 270-dose daily treatment plan that has been the (54)________ therapy. But because of possible (55)________ issues, the CDC still recommends the daily treatment plan for HIV-positive patients who are taking antiretroviral drugs or women who are pregnant. Also because of a lack. of data, the CDC says children under age 12 should stay with the nine-month daily treatment.

41. A. public B. persistent C. predictable D. mild 42. A. out of control B. beyond expectation C. without hope D. under threat 43. A. put up B. follow through C. get along D. come up 44. A. decreased B. maximized C. measured D. enhanced

45. A. supplement B. substitute C. promotion D. alternative 46. A. mixed B. replaced C. associated D. connected 47. A. As a result B. In addition C. In fact D. For instance 48. A. imposed B. tolerated C. cultivated D. infected 49. A. isolated B. implemented C. observed D. required 50. A. argues B. suggests C. commands D. warns 51. A. inevitable B. negative C. distinct D. indirect 52. A. definite B. desired C. logical D. detailed 53. A. conducted B. proved C. demonstrated D. approved 54. A. similar B. unique C. standard D. peculiar 55. A. personal B. crucial C. age D. safety

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

If a person who lived 200 years ago was treated for a seizure (癫痫) today, they would be surprised by the treatment's freshness. That's because doctors in the 1800s were influenced more by original medical beliefs than science.

Rather than thinking the brain caused seizures, people in the 1800s still thought they were the result of strange forces. They associated seizures with the work of evil spirits. Others felt that the seizures had a cosmic or lunar cause. They believed that the cycles of the moon and stars could make someone have a seizure.

During a process to treat a patient who has seizures, doctors would force the patient to pray for the grace of the God. They thought if the patient did this, then the patient would rid themselves of the evil spirits causing the seizures.

The arrival of modern psychiatry (精神病学) ocurred during the 1800s. At that time people who suffered from seizures were placed in psychiatric hospitals. They were treated like they were mad. However,none of the out- of-date treatments worked.

It wasn’t until the late 1850s that the causes of seizures were understood. We know today that these causes. are related to the brain. Misfired signals from the brain cause a jerking refer (反射) in the body.These usually occur when someone is very tired.

Once the causes of seizures were known, definitive treatments were developed. Today, treatments range from taking pills to having surgery. Treatment is personalized according to the type of seizure the patient has.

Even today, some people are unsure about seizures. Their most common mistake is thinking that a person having a seizure will swallow their tongue. They often push some implement roughly in the person's mouth. However, this doesn’t help. The implement often blocks the airway and prevents the person from breathing. Yet most of the public no longer fear people who have seizures. Instead, they can now help and comfort a person if they have a seizure.

56. Why would someone from the past be surprised by today's treatments for seizures?

A. Because they believed in scientific treatment for seizures.

B. Because they believed seizures were caused by strange forces in nature. C. Because they believed there would be no cure for seizures. D. Because they believed patient would treat seizures by himself.

57. During the arrival of modern psychiatry, how were people treated in psychiatric hospitals? A. They were forced to ask the God for mercy. B. They worked for the old-fashioned treatment. C. They were considered senseless. D. They were treated as evil spirits.

58. Which of the following condition can cause a seizure? A. Rashes and other skin problems. B. Infected wounds. C. Stomach disorders. D. Brain injuries.

59. What's the best title of the passage? A. Symptoms Old and New B. Universal Forces or Science C. Seizures Now and Then D. Treatments Effective or Not

(B)

How a few members of the animal kingdom handle the transition to adulthood? African elephants

These beautiful beasts come close to imitate teen rebellion. Calves spend a decade with their mothers in female --- dominated groups --- and ladies stay there but adolescent boys leave mom for noisy crews of bros. In their 20s, they often downsize to smaller male groups. Orangutans(猩猩)

Slow metabolism allows these primates to survive food shortages times when weather makes ripe fruit scarce. But energy efficiency comes at a cost; growth and maturation take time. Orangutan mamas nurse their young longer than any other wild creature does. Oreas(逆载鲸)

Killer whales join their mother's familial group for life. This lasting- relationship seems to increase a pup's chance of survival; if mom dies, a young male (under 30) is three times more Iikely to die than a peer whose mother is alive. Risk of death post-mom-mortem rises as kids get older.

Harp seals

A harp seal's “childhood” lasts just 12 days. A pup's sole purpose during. that brief period of coddling (宠爱) is to constantly nurse, gaining a fifth of its birth weight in blubber (鲸脂) every day. Once it's fat- they become greater from 25 to 80 pounds-- -it slides off the ice and takes on the sea.

Wolf spiders

Every parent knows that tired toddlers love to hitch a piggyback ride. The wolf spider straps all her babies (40 or 50, on average) onto her back at once, carrying the brood until they are capable of fully functional spider-hood. But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days.

60. According to the passage, which animals take the biggest responsibility in raising their young? A. Harp seals. B. African elephants C. Oreas. D. Wolf spiders.

61. What can we learn from the sentence “But luckily she only has to pull them for a few days?” A. Other grown wolf spiders will come to take care of the babies. B. The toddlers are too heavy for parents to hitch a piggyback ride.

C. Baby spiders are able to live on their own after a short period of time.

D. Baby spiders can make full use of spider-hood before they leave their parents.

62. Who will be interested in this passage?

A. A student who is doing a project on animal growth. B. A kid who is keen on animal watching.

C. A zoo-worker who is responsible for visitors safety. D. A doctor who specializes in animals' health.

(C)

As advances in auto-technology have placed a huge number of self-driving machines on our roads and sidewalks, a side product has materialized in recent years: robot-babysitting.

In Phoenix, human attendants w ill remotely monitor Google' s upcoming Waymo robot-taxis, using the cars cameras to evaluate and adapt to passenger or road challenges. State safety regulations typically require that auto-vehicles be accompanied at all times by humans. These professionals job titles range from robot handler to safety driver, but they have essentially the same responsibilities: monitoring robot behavior for safety and performance, and answering questions about the technology. Broadly speaking, robot-babysitting jobs fall under the umbrella of careers in automation, which include maintenance, engineering,and programming.

However, some observers note that certain kinds of robot-babysitting --- the kind that is boring and doesn't require much education -- can make for thankless work. The safety drivers who sit in self-driving cars have described their roles as “exhausting and demanding,\me about the constant pressure to stay vigilant at all times. It's incredibly hard to sit in a chair and stare at a computer without doing anything for eight hours,\Ph.D. to do it. In March 2018, the field of robot babysitting took a beating when a self-driving Uber in Tempe, Arizona, hit a 49-year old named Elaine Herzberg. Dashcam footage showed that Rafaela Vasquez, the car's safety driver, had not been looking at the road when the accident occurred. Investigators are deciding if Vasquez will be charged with murder.

According to the McKinsey Global Institute, 10 million to 800 million jobs globally could be lost to automation by 2030. In the long term, it's inevitable that robot-babysitters will go the way of elevator operators and lamplighters. But they'll also birth new robot related roles. A huge number of jobs will be created as auto-vehicles are loosed into the environment,\2016, Bosch started training students from Schooleraft College, a community college in Michigan,