《考研真相》英语长难句专章分类精解

语或状语+谓语动词+主语，它和正常的词序完全颠倒。凡是主语和谓语动词词序颠倒的句 子叫作倒装句。考研难点—般在修辞倒装：修辞倒装主要是为了强调．—种是强调句子的表 达重心。一种是强调—种表达语气．比如命令语气、假设语气(虚拟语气的倒装属于此类)、 疑问语气和否定语气：这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词(如 nor, so, only, never, until 等)密切相 关。

对于考研的考生来说，理解倒装句的关键在于作出正确的语法分析。既然是倒装句，句 中的主语不在句首即在谓语动词后面，因此首先要找出倒装句中的主语，其次是找出谓语动 词，然后就较容易确定句中的其他成分，这样理解就不好错误。如果理解正确了，做题也就 不会错。

阅读理解短文中出现的长句倒装主要有以下几种情况：

I．主语太长，避免头重脚轻而倒装

如果主语过长或主语结构比较复杂，往往将表语置于句首，采用倒装语序，以使句子保 持平衡

【例 1】 In this class are ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires.

【简析】本句的主语是：ads that suggest that the product will satisfy some basic human desires 其中含一个定语从句，定语从句中又含一个宾语从句. 因为太长，所以放在句子末尾。 【译文】属于这一类的广告具有的特点是，它们暗示所推荐的产品能满足人类的某些基 本欲望。

【例 2】Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

【简析】本句中，主语部分从 the picture 开始，一直到句子末尾，

【译文】随着人口在东北部和中西部近乎停止增长，地区性竞争愈演愈烈：这就是 1980 年的人口普查所显示出来的国家情况。

【例 3】 Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.

【简析】本句中，主语中关键词是 the development of technologies，由于主语后面接一 定语从句太长，所以放在谓语后面。

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【译文】与日益增加的信息量相提并论的是使以下情况得以实现的技术的发展，即空前 快速的储存和传送更多的信息到更多的地方。

【例 4】 “Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities”, says a law professor at Cornell School who helped draft the new guidelines.

【简析】 本句中主语是 a law professor 后面接一个介词短语和一个定语从句，比谓语 长的很多，因此被后置。

【译文】康奈尔法学院的一位曾帮助起草新方针的法学教授说：“重要的信息可能会淹 没在无关紧要的信息的海洋中。” II. 语言结构要求倒装

考研英语中，一些语法结构要求句子倒装主要有以下几种情况。

1）带有连词 nor，neither，so 等放在句首，句中的主语与谓语动词的词序必须颠倒。 2）在方式状语和让步状语从句中，使用连词 as, 或者 though 时，从句的主语和谓语有 时要倒装。

3）在非真实条件句中，条件从句中的 if 省略时，had, were, should 须与主语倒装。 4）句首为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，常用部分倒装。

【例 5】Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests. 【简析】there be 句型本来就是倒装句，there 是形式主语，但否定词在句首后，there be 变成了 be there。

【译文】不仅仅有谋杀运动员的悲惨事件发生，还有损坏奥运会名誉的小事件发生。 【例 6】And so it does--and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

【简析】would be well 是虚拟语气的主句，were reason the only judge …是非真实的虚拟 条件从句，省略了 if, 成了倒装结构,如果不倒装，应该说成 if reason were the only judge；此 外，so it does 也是一个倒装句。

【译文】的确如此——如果理性是神造论和进化论之争的惟一裁判，一切问题就早已解 决了。

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【例 7】For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【简析】本句中 had he grown up 相当于 if he had grown up

【译文】例如，它们（指测试）并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要 是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大的才干。

【例 8】Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job.

【简析】本句中 Much as I have traveled 相当于 Although I have traveled much. 【译文】我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管职业是什么。

【例 9】Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequences of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and some astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.

【简析】Odd though it sounds 是一个让步状语从句，如果不倒装，应该是：Though it sounds odd,

【译文】宇宙膨胀学尽管听似奇特，但它是由基本粒子物理学中的一些公认理论推论出 来，从科学角度看有其可信度，而且许多天体物理学家七八年来一直确信这一论说是正确的。

【例 10】Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.

【简析】本句句首是一个否定副词 nowhere，因此句子主谓要倒装。

【译文】1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对 宽敞的生活环境的追求。

【例 11】Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.

【简析】本句中第二个分句以连词 so 开始，所以第二个分句的主谓要倒装。 【译文】不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代 人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样也起了作用。

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【例12】Nor，if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

【简析】本句虽然很长，但主句是一个倒装结构。Nor…is management….句子之所以倒 装，是因为连词Nor用在句首。

【译文】如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一祥，那 么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的“思维与众不同的人”，喜欢其中较为传统的“善于团队合 作”的思想者而受到指责了。

【例 13】In no country other than Britain, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

【简析】本句句首是一个否定意义的词组in no country，句中it has been said是插入语， 所以主语和谓语要倒装。

【译文】据说，除了在英国，在哪个国家一天之内也经历不了 4 个季节。

【例 14】We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

【简析】本句从句中以含否定意义的副词词组under no circumstances开始，所以从句的 主语和谓语要倒装。

【译文】我们被告知，在任何情况下都不允许使用办公室的电话办私事。

【例 15】 Not since Americans crossed the continent in covered wagons have they exercised and dieted as vigorously as they are doing today.

【简析】本句以含否定意义的副词Not开始，所以句子的主语和谓语要倒装。 【译文】自从美国人乘坐篷车横穿大陆以来，他们还没有哪个时期像今天这样起劲地锻 炼和节食。

【例 16】This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. (一…… 就……)

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