张翔毕业论文 - 图文

毕业论文

题目：丰田卡罗拉启动机的检修

学 院 继 续 教 育 学 院

专 业 汽车制造与装配技术

年 级 2010级

学生姓名 张 翔

学 号

年 月 日

目 录

引言 ··········································································································································· 4

二 启动机的相关简介 ················································································································ 4

1启动机的组成与作用·························································································· 4 2启动系统电路图及工作原理·············································································· 4 3启动机结构组成与结构图·················································································· 4 4启动机的分类······································································································ 6 5常见类型启动机结构原理图及工作原理分析·················································· 7 6启动机的工作特性······························································································ 9

三 启动机主要部件的维护与检修 ··························································································· 10

1电枢的维护与检修···························································································· 10 2磁场绕组的维护与检修···················································································· 10 3电刷与电刷架的检修························································································ 10 4单向离合器的维护与检修················································································ 11 5电磁开关的维护与检修···················································································· 11 6轴承以及铜套的维护与检修············································································ 11

四 启动机常见故障原因分析与诊断 ······················································································· 11

1启动机不转········································································································ 11 2启动机运转无力································································································ 11 3启动机空转········································································································ 11 4启动机异常发响发热························································································ 12

五 启动机使用中的常见注意事项 ··························································································· 12

1启动注意事项···································································································· 12 2安装注意事项···································································································· 12 3异常注意事项···································································································· 12

六 启动系统与启动机常见故障典型案例 ··············································································· 12 结论 ·········································································································································· 13 致谢 ·········································································································································· 13 参考文献 ··································································································································· 14

摘 要

本论文主要对汽车启动机的构成，各个部件，工作原理和工作过程，典型故障作了详细的介绍。进而分析了汽车启动机的故障检测和排除。然主要是叙述汽车启动机的结构，工作原理和作过程，但是这样可以更清晰的表现出汽车启动机的故障原理。

本论文对启动机的常见故障作了诊断和研究。

关键词：启动机：故障检测：故障排除

引言

汽车启动系统是汽车发动机五大系统之一，而启动机则为启动系统中的重中之重。为使静止的汽车发动机进入工作状态，必须依靠于启动产生转矩外力从而通过飞轮使曲轴旋转，发动机再在点火系统、燃料供给系统等作用下而自动运转。因此，对汽车启动机结构组成的掌握与了解、启动机故障的检测与诊断、平常的维护与保养工作是十分重要的，因为启动机启动汽车是当代轿车启动的唯一方式！

二 启动机的相关简介

1启动机的组成与作用

汽车启动系统作为汽车发动机的五大系统之一，其主要由蓄电池、启动机、点火开关、启动继电器、保险等组成，而启动机则被安装在汽车发动机飞轮壳的前端盖的座孔上。

发动机在燃料供给系统、点火系统、汽缸压力正常的情况下依靠外力使汽车发动机曲轴的转速达到一定适应值即可自动运行。因此汽车启动机的作用是通过启动机转动曲轴，从而启动发动机，发动机被启动以后，启动系统便自动停止工作。

2启动系统电路图及工作原理

1-蓄电池

2-启动机 3-启动继电器 4-点火开关 5-电流表

当驾驶员将要启动发动机时，将点火钥匙插入点火开关，旋转点火钥匙至“ON”位置时，蓄电池给发动机电控系统供电，当旋转至“START”位置时，汽车的启动系统工作，启动机的驱动齿轮与发动机的飞轮齿环相啮合，启动机的直流电动机旋转，从而将转矩通过齿轮与飞轮传到曲轴，而使曲轴旋转启动发动机。

3启动机结构组成与结构图

启动机主要由直流电动机、传动机构、控制机构等组成