初中英语语法大全归纳总结

during the course of in digging the tunnel

（2）在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。

on Sunday(s).on Tuesday morning

on Christmas Day(但at Chrismas),on Christmas Eve, on Children’s Day

on March 8, on the morning (afternoon, evening)of Oct.1

early on the morning of Oct.1(区别：in the late / early morning of Oct.1) on a rainy night, on warm winter days

(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。

at breakfast(supper, lunch),at six

at noon (sunrise, sunset, midday, night, midnight, dawn)

at the age of 15, at the time of war,但in time of danger/ trouble。 注意：有些时间名词前不接介词。如：

next day、last Sunday、that morning、these years

one、each、any、every、some、all修饰时,一般不用介词,如some day one day、yesterday / afternoon,the night before （4）till、until、to的用法。

①till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。如： He waited for me till twelve o’clock.

He didn’t get up till (until) 10 a.m. (不可用to).

但注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。如： Not until 9 a.m.did Mr.Smith come back to school.

②to表“终结”时常用和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。如：from July to September, from six to(till)eight（从??到??为止），但from morning till night（从早到晚），不能用to。from … to常构成习惯搭配，不可换用其他介词。

（A）表持久连续、传递、转移的含义。from time to time(不时，有时)，from day to day (天天),from hand to hand(不断传下去)，from place to place（处处，到处），from side to side(左右摇摆)，from door to door（家家户户），from house to house（挨家挨户），from shop to shop（一个商店接一个商店）。

（B）表起始终止的全过程或程度加深、状态变化。from beginning to end(从头到尾，自始至终（)from the beginning to the end of…）;from hand to mouth(仅能糊口)，from bad to worse(越

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来越糟)，from head to foot(从头到脚),from top to bottom（整个地，彻底地），from top to toe(全身)，from start to finish（自始至终，从头到尾）。

（C）from one + 名词 + to another表示“依次”。如from one car to another（顺着车厢依次地）。

（D）名词 + by + 同一单数名词，表示“一个一个地”，要与from … to短语区别开：one by one 一个一个地；little by little(bit)一点一点地；step by step 一步一步地，逐渐地（但by and by 不久以后）；sentence by sentence逐句地；day by day一天一天地；side by side(with…)(和??)并肩，一起；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力；hand in hand 手拉手，紧紧地;face to face面对面。

（5）in、after、later

①in + 一段时间：表示说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在??之内”时，用于各种时态。

②一段时间 + later(later是副词)：表示某一具体时间或某一方面具体时间算起的一段时间后。 ③after + 一段时间表示：“在??之后”，用于一般过去时；但时间为点时间时，只能用after,即after + 点时间，用于各种时态。

The doctor will be with us in six minutes.

She graduated in 1981, and eight years later she became the manager of the factory. He received her letter after four weeks.

另外，in + 一段时间 + ’s + time 与 within + 一段时间的用法如下： in a week’s time = in a week

They will arrive in three days’ time.(与将来时连用) My brother’s birthday is in two weeks’ time.（作表语）

I’ll finish the book within two weeks.(within = in less than…用于各种时态，不超出，在??之内)

（6）地点介词at、on、in、to、across、through、over、under、below。

①at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所，on在??的平面上。如at the

door、at the airport、at the station、at 55 Park Street、in China、in the north、in Asia、on the desk、on the wall等。

②on、at、in还可以表示两地相对位置。若A地属于B地，用in;A地位于B地的外面且有边缘衔接用on；无边缘的衔接有to。如：

Japan lies to the east of China.(范围之外)

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Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.（范围之外） Hunan province lies on the west of Hubei province.(毗邻) The island lies off the coast of China.(相隔一定距离)

③地点介词的引申、比喻意义：in the sun在阳光下，in the dark(ness)在黑暗中，in the dark不知道，in freezing weather在严寒天气中，in the mud在泥中，in the earth在地下,in the desert在沙漠中,in a heavy rain 在大雨中，in the snow / wind在雪/风中,in public 当众，in trouble 在困境中，get into trouble陷入困境，out of trouble摆脱困难，beyond hope绝望。

④across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。如： They walked across the playground. I walked through the forest. ⑤over / under / above / below。

over、above译作“在??之上”；under、below译作“在??的下面”，其区别在于over、under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above、below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。如：

A little boat is now under the bridge. There is a bridge over the river.

The sun sinks below the horizon(地平线) The window is well above the tree. ⑥表示地点介词的静态性和动态性

He walked to the station（静态，表示方向和目的地） He walked towards the station.(动态，只表示方向) He is kind to (towards)us.（两者通用） He is at the station.(静态，表示地点) They arrived at the station.(动态，表示地点) He swam away from the ship.(动态“离开”) He stood away from the shop.(静态“远离”) He fell onto the floor.(动态“到地面”)

The city is on the Changjiang River.(静态“平面”) Go off the road.偏离了道路（动态“离去”） Come along the river.沿着河过来（线）

across the fields 跨过田野??，over the desert跨越沙漠

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across the river横跨这条河??，over the hill翻过这座山

be in the house(静态，在这里??)stay out of the car(静态，在??外) go into the house(动态，进入)fly out of the country(动态，离开) （7）表示方式、手段、工具的介词

①by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天。如He rent a house by the year(day,hour).(按by+the+单位名称)但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。

②表泛指的方式、手段

by post/mail邮寄，by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity用电，by machinery用电器，by hard work,learn sth.by heart,through the satellite,through practice,through his own efforts,through experience,through the telescop

② 交通工具类

by bus/train/car/taxi(road)

by bike/bicycle,on horse back/on foot by plane/jet/spaceship,by air by ship/boat/lifeboat,by sea/by water

另外：by means of 用??方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用……方法，with the help (permission)of sb./with sb.’s help (permis-

sion)。

④表方式、手段的其他用法

He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具机器)

One smells with his nose.(with+人体器官，但by hand“手工，用手”) He stood up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)

注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink,pencil)。另外如：in high

(good,low)spirits,in anger,in joy,in comfort,in sorrow,in safety,in danger,in need,in debt,in love,in fun,in pain,in tears,in surprise,in good(poor)health,in good order,in flower,in a way,in a low voice,in silence,in(with)satisfaction,in a hurry,in(with)words,live/feed on food,kneel on one’s knee,take(catch)sb.by surprise(出其不意) （8）表示“除??之外”的几组常用介绍比较。

①besides 除??以外，（还有）。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。 Well all went to the cinema besides Shaw.除了肖外，我们都去了电影院。 It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.

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