2015年上海市高三英语 八校联考模拟卷

Dan Bilsker PhD (Lead Author) Dan is a clinical psychologist who works at Vancouver General Hospital and consults to a mental health research group at the

University of British Columbia.

Merv Gilbert PhD Merv is a clinical psychologist working at British Columbia’s Children’s Hospital and in private practice

in Vancouver. David Worling PhD David is a clinical psychologist working in private practice in Vancouver.

E. Jane Garland M.D., F.R.C.P.(C) Jane is a psychiatrist with a Mood/Anxiety Disorders Clinic who does research at the University of British Columbia on the treatment of mood problems.

Dealing with Depression is based on the experience of the authors and on scientific research about which

strategies work best in overcoming depression. Also, because strategies useful for adults may not be useful for adolescents, depressed and non-depressed teens helped in the development of this guide.

Dealing with Depression is intended for: * teens with depressed mood

* concerned adults who want to help a depressed teen * other teens who want to help a friend or family member

This guide is meant to provide teens with accurate information about depression. It is not a psychological or medical treatment, and is not a replacement for treatment where this is needed. If expert assistance or treatment is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.

Funding for this guide is provided by the Mental Health Evaluation & Community Consultation Unit (MHECCU) of The University of British Columbia through a grant by the Ministry of Children and Family Development, as part of the provincial Child and Youth Mental Health Plan.

70. According to the passage, Dealing with Depression is targeted at . A. researches on depression B. clinical psychologists giving treatment C. adults with depressed mood D. people concerned with mood problems 71. The four cartoon figures are . A. professionals at universities B. natives of British Columbia C. clinical psychologists D. co-authors lead by Dan Bilsker 72. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Depressed teens provide accurate information about depression.

B. Competent professionals will come to provide services if needed. C. Dealing with Depression receives government financial support. D. Dealing with Depression offers expert assistance and treatment. 73. After reading this page, we can conclude that it is probably . A. an advertisement for medicine B. an introduction of a guidebook C. a cartoon about psychologists D. an introduction of a health problem

(C)

Edgar Degas, J. M. W. Turner and other painters captured centuries of atmospheric records as they decorated canvases with sunset scenes.

Greek scientists worked with an artist to confirm that the ratio of red to green in sunset painting, both old and new, increased when particles filled the air, such as after major volcanic eruption(火山喷发) or dust storms. The atmospheric physicists also found a gradual shift in artistic sunset hues over centuries, possibly due to ever-increasing air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.

An earlier study, led by atmospheric physicist Christos Zerefos of the Academy of Athens in Greece, discovered that the amount of red relative to green in sunset descriptions increased after eruptions, including Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Coseguina, Nicaragua in 1835 and Krakatau, Indonesia in 1883.

Zerefos’ team analyzed 554 paintings created between 1550 and 1990. For up to three years after eruptions, sunsets reddened as sunlight bounced off dust and gas from the volcanoes. The latest study, also by Zerefos, used improved scanning and analysis techniques to confirm the earlier results.

A modern painter, Panayiotis Tetsis, unknowingly repeated the artistic atmospheric observations of classical masters. In the artists’ description of sunsets light over the Greek island of Hydra, the color ratio shifted towards red in paintings done both before (June 19, 2010) and after (June 20, 2010) a dust cloud from Sahara Desert filtered the sunset’s light.

Zerefos’ team connected the timing of classical paintings’ red shift to other records of the atmosphere trapped in ice cores from Greenland, in the recent study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The ice cores recorded spikes(尖刺) in sulfur-containing chemicals likely from volcanoes. These spikes corresponded in time to artists’ increasingly dark red sunsets.

The comparison of ice and art also revealed a slow shift in the coloring of the sunset. As the factories of Europe roared into production in the 19th and early 20th century, painting described a steady increase in the red to green ratio. The ice cores recorded a steady rise in airborne particles from industrial pollution during the same time.

74. The underlined word “hues” in the second paragraph probably means . A. angles B. colors C. locations D. times 75. What do we know about Zerefos’ research from the passage?

A. Both modern and ancient artists describing sunset are involved in the research. B. It confirmed an obvious increase in the ratio of green to red in sunset paintings. C. The shift from green to red also existed in the records of ice cores trapped items. D. The team used traditional techniques to confirm the earlier results of the research.

76. How did Zerefos’ team confirm that atmospheric records kept by painters were reliable? A. By analyzing classical paintings B. By connecting time to color C. By comparing art with ice D. By working with an artist

77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A. A modern research of ancient art and ice with pollution. B. Art Masterpiece and pollutants trapped in ice cores. C. An increase in the ratio of red to green in paintings D. Art Masterpiece Recorded Centuries of Pollution.

Section C

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

Six thousand years ago, farmers in Mesopotamia dug a ditch to bring water from the Euphrates River. With that successful effort to satisfy their thirsty crops, they went on to form the world’s first irrigation(灌溉)-based civilization. Sumerian farmers harvested plentiful crops for some 2,000 years thanks to the extra water brought in from the river, but the soil, when water evaporates(蒸发), was eventually reduced to salinization, the poisonous buildup of salts and other substances left behind.

Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than did in ancient Sumeria. About 40 percent of the world’s food now grows in irrigated soils, which make up 18 percent of global cropland. Farmers who irrigate can typically get in two or three harvests every year and get higher crop yields. As a result. the spread of irrigation has a key factor behind the great increase in global grain production since 1950. Done correctly, irrigation will continue to play a leading role in feeding the world, but as history shows, dependence on irrigated agriculture also brings about significant risks.

Fortunately, a great deal of room exists for improving the productivity of water used in agriculture. A first line of attack is to increase irrigation efficiency. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows(犁沟), relying on gravity move the water across the land. The plants absorb only a small fraction of the water; the rest drains into rivers or evaporates. In many locations this practice not only wastes and pollutes water but also degrades the land through water logging and salinization. More efficient and environmentally sound technologies exist that could reduce water demand on farms by up to 50 percent.

Drip systems rank high among irrigation technologies with significant untapped potential. Unlike flooding techniques, drip systems enable farmers to deliver water directly to the plants’ roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste. Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the US have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods. Sprinklers can perform almost as well as drip methods when they are designed properly. Traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible. The problem is that the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. In contrast, new low-energy sprinklers deliver water in small doses through nozzles(喷嘴) placed just above the ground. Numerous farmers in Texas who have fixed such sprinklers have found that their plants absorb 90 to 95 percent of the water that leaves the sprinkler nozzles.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

78. The ancient irrigation-based civilization in Mesopotamia brought about both . 79. The underlined word “practice” in paragraph 3 refers to farmers’ efforts to to irrigate their crops. 80. The two examples listed in the passage as efficient ways of irrigation are . 81. We may infer from the passage that irrigation has already , though its potential risks do exist.

第II卷 （共47分）

I. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 我们通常需要一个星期才能从流感中恢复健康。（take） 2. 我是多么思念故乡的青山绿水啊！（How）

3. 由于看不懂英语，游客们根本不知道他们签的合同写了什么。（unaware） 4. 店主试图让每位顾客都相信这些塑料玩具只有他这里才买得到。（convince）

5. Hi有目光短浅的人才会轻信网络谣言，从而犯下令自己懊悔一辈子的错误。（thus）

II. Guided Writing

Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

一天，有位学生上学迟到了。但是，在获悉他（她）上学路上发生的一切之后，老师并没有批评他（她），反而在班级里表扬了他（她）。这位学生上学路上到底发生了什么事呢？

假设你是这位学生，想象当天可能发生的情况，写一篇短文，以第一人称讲述一个合情合理的故事。

参考答案

第一卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

25.the most beautiful 26.have to/ought to/had better 27.is/are enclosed 28.displayed 29.runs 30. which 31. one 32. where

33. to 34.whispered 35.to find 36.letting 37.dreaming 38.so that 39.when 40. what

Section B

41-45 KHJFI 46-50 BGAEC

III. Reading Section A 51-55 ABCDB 56-60 ACCDB 61-65BACCD Section B 66-69 ABDB 70-73 DDCB 74-77 BACD Section C

78. plentiful crops and salts

79. flood their fields or channel the water down parallel furrows 80. drip systems and new-energy sprinklers 81. played a leading role in feeding the world

第二卷

I. Translation

1. It usually takes us one week to recover from the flu.

2. How I miss the green mountain and the clear water in my hometown!

3. Due to the fact that they didn’t know English, the tourists were unaware of what their contracts were all about. 4. The shop owner tried to convince every customer that the plastic toys were available only in his shop.

5.Only short-sighted people will believe rumors on the Internet; thus making mistakes that they will regret in the rest of their lives.

II. Writing (略)