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也表示“升起”,但其是不及物动词(vi.),后面不能加宾语。 . He raised a hand in greeting. 他扬起手致敬。 The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
5)put on 在这里意为“上演,上映”,还可以意为“穿上”。
. The local drama group are putting on “Sister Jiang” at the Capital Theater. 当地的剧团正在首都剧场演出《江姐》.
What dress shall I put on for the meeting? 我穿什么衣服去开会? 7. I’m looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。
1)look forward to意为“期待,盼望”,其中to是介词,不是不定式符号,后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词,且常用于进行时。
. I’m really looking forward to our vacation. 我非常期待假期的到来。
2)hear from sb.=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等。
. I didn’t hear from my parents until now. I miss them very much. 直到现在我才收到父母的来信,我非常想念他们。
1. The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. 最好的筹钱方式是卖报纸。
1) 句中有两个动词不定式短语to raise money 和to sell newspapers 它们在句中分别作定语和表语。to raise money意为“筹钱”,修饰名词way。如果把上面的句子倒过来则变为:To sell newspapers is the best way to raise money.这时动词不定式短语to sell newspapers 作主语。
2) sell 动词,意为“出售,售卖。”其反义词为:buy 买。常用结构:sell sth. to sb. . Do you sell stamps? 你这儿卖邮票吗?
I sold my car to James for $800. 我把我的汽车以800美元的价格转让给了詹姆斯。
8. I think we can sell flowers to raise money at the weekend. 我认为我们可以在周末卖花筹钱。
表示“在周末”之意时,英国英语中用at: at weekends/ at the weekend;美国英语中用on: on weekends/ on the weekend.
Section D
1. But the most interesting thing for me was to take photos. 但是对于我来说最有趣的事情是照相。
1)to take photos 不定式短语在此句中作表语。
. My job is to teach you English. 我的工作就是教你们英语。 2)take photos 照相;
2. On the third day of our trip,we climbed Mount fuji. 在我们旅行的第三天,我们怕了富士山。
On the third day of... ……的第三天; 在具体某一天的早、中、晚上,前用介词on。 . on the morning of March 10th. 在三月十日的上午; on a cold evening 在一个寒冷的夜晚;
3. It was snowing when we got to the top.当我们到达山顶时,正在下雪。 1)get to the top 到达山顶;
2)get to = reach = arrive in (+ 大地点)/at(+小地点) 到达某地;
4. I was so excited that I didn’t feel cold at all. 我太激动了以至于一点儿也没觉得冷。 so.... that... 意为“如此……以至于……”;其结构式: so + 形容词/副词 + that + 状语从句; . He was so happy that he danced in the street. 他太高兴了,以至于在街上跳舞。
5. The weather was pleasant.天气很舒适。
6. During our trip, in the evening, I sometimes went swimming in the pool while my best friend, Kelly, always went shopping. 在旅途中,晚上我有时去游泳池游泳,而我的好朋友凯莉总是去购物。
1)区别: sometimes, some times, sometime, some time
A. sometimes为副词,意思为“有时”,可用于句首、句中或句末,在句中作状语。 . Sometimes he goes to the cinema on Sunday.星期天他有时去看电影。
B. some times是词组,意思为“几次,几倍”,其中的times为可数名词的复数形式。 . He has been to Beijing for some times before.他以前去过北京几次。 C. sometime指某个不明确的时间,意思为“某个时候”。
. We’ll take our holiday sometime in August.我们将在八月的某个时候度假。 D. some time指某一段时间,其中的time为不可数名词,意思为“时间”。
. I spend some time practicing speaking English every day.我每天花一些时间练习说英语。 2)A. while 用于对比两件事物,意为“而,然而……”。
. I like swimming, while my brother likes watching TV at home.我喜欢游泳,而我的哥哥喜欢在家看电视。
B. while 引导时间状语从句时,意为“在……期间,当……的时候,与……同时”。 . You can go swimming while I’m having lunch. 我吃午饭时,你可以去游泳。
7. It was really an interesting place to visit.那儿真是一个值得游玩的有趣的地方。 to visit 不定式在此句中作定语修饰前面的名词。
. After Earth is a very fantastic movie to watch. 《重返世界》是部值得一看的精彩电影。 .: 如果不定式动词是不及物动词时,后面须加相应的介词。 . We need some paper to write on. 我们需要一些纸写字。
二.重点词组。
1. some exciting news 2. spring field trip 3. a three-day visit 4. go on a visit to.... 5. How wonderful! 6. a few days 7. make a decision 8. choose proper vehicles 9. decide on/upon 10. decide to do sth. 11. phone sb. = call sb. = ring sb. up 12. find out 13. the best way to do... 14. plan to do sth. 15. make a plan ( for sth.) 16. have a plan 17. sth. costs (sb.) +金钱
It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. pay (sb.) money for sth. pay for sth.
一些激动人心的消息;
春游;
为期三天的参观; 去……旅游/参观; 太棒了! 几天; 做个决定; 选择合适的交通工具; 决定,选定; 决定要做某事; 打电话给某人; 发现,查出真相; 做……的最好方式; 计划做某事; (为某事)制定计划; 有一个计划; 某物花了(某人)多少钱; 做某事花了某人多少时间; 付钱(给某人)买……; 付……的钱;
spend time / money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱); spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事; 18. go climbing 爬山; 19. have a picnic 野炊; 20. have an English Corner 英语角; 21. go swimming 去游泳; 22. take photos 照相; 23. order/book a room for sb./sth. 为……订房间; 24. railway station 火车站; 25. On April 13th 在4月13日; 26. the hard sleeper 硬卧; 27. the soft sleeper 软卧; 28. pay back 偿还,还钱(给某人); 29. pay off 还清; 30. telephone/phone number 电话号码; 31. departure time 发车时间; 32. arrival time 到达时间; 33. book some rooms 定一些房间; 34. air conditioner 空调; 35. have rooms with a bathroom 带浴室的房间; 36. see the mountains 看见群山; 37. a standard room 一间标间; 38. two single beds 两张单人床; 39. a single room 一间单人房; 40. a standard room with two single beds 一间双人标准间; 41. one single room with one single bed 一间标准单人间; 42. raise money 筹钱; 43. lucky money 压岁钱; 44. ask sb. for money 想某人要钱; 45. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人中借来某事物; 46. lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人; 47. give a show 演出,作秀; 48. give sb. a show 给某人展示; 49. have many special ways 有很多特别的方式; 50. think of 想起;考虑;有……想法; 51. mobile phone 移动电话; 52. order a special lunch 定特别的午餐; 53. collect money 收集钱; 54. in a restaurant 在餐馆; 55. take the train 火车; 56. enough money 足够的钱; 57. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事; 58. put on 上演,上映;穿上; 59. sell flowers 卖花;
60. raise an army 招募军队; 61. raise cows 养牛; 62. raise corn 种植玉米; 63. look forward to 期待,盼望; 64. hear from sb.
=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.
= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等。 65. sell newspapers 卖报纸; 66. sell old books 卖旧书;
67. at the weekend(英式)= on the weekend(美式)在周末; 68. take photos 照相; 69. so.... that... 如此……以至于……; 70. On the third day of... ……的第三天 71. in the pool 在游泳池; 72. best friend 最好的朋友; 73. get to the top 到达山顶; 74. get to = reach
= arrive in (+ 大地点)/at(+小地点) 到达某地;
三.重点语法。
动词不定式
动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。所谓非谓语动词就是不作谓语,没有人称和数的变化。 不定式的构成:to do sth (do 代表动词原形),其否定形式是not to do sth,有时也可以不带to。to只是不定式的一个符号,没有任何实际意义。另外,动词不定式具有动词的性质,可以带宾语和状语。 不定式可以担当除谓语外的任何句子成分,即:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。 具体用法如下: 1. 不定式作主语:
一般位于句首,谓语用单数。
. To go to college is our ideal. 上大学是我们的理想。 To learn foreign languages is difficult. 学外语很难。 为了平衡句子,通常用it做形式主语替不定式,即: It’s+名词/形容词+for/of sb.+to do sth. (注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,当表语的形容词为修饰逻辑主语sb. 的kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等时,逻辑主语由of引出) 则上面两句话可变为: It’s our ideal to go to college.
It’s difficult (for us) to learn foreign languages. 又如:It’s kind of you to say so. 你那样说真好。 2. 不定式作宾语:
动词不定式作及物动词的宾语,常用的及物动词有:
Begin, want, hope, forget, remember, like, love, need, try, ask, learn, wish, agree, choose, start, plan, decide, refuse 等。
. I like to watch TV. 我喜欢看电视。
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