2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 3 Back to the past Section

单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm. 他父亲正在农场工作。

To study English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。

What he said is very important for us all. 他所说的对我们都很重要。 [名师点津]

(1)由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

What I say is helpful to you. 我说的对你是有益的。

What I bought were three English books. 我买的是三本英语书。

(2)两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个方面，用单数形式。

Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time. 她空闲时间去购物和体育馆锻炼。

Where and when to hold the sports meet hasn't been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。

Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health. 早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。

[即时演练2] 用be动词的适当形式填空 ①To teach you English this term is my job.

②Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life. ③What we need is more practice. ④What we need are experienced workers.

(2)由连接词and或both...and连接起来的并列主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。 Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。

Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.听到这个消息，男孩和女孩都很吃惊。

[名师点津]

若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 The writer and artist has come. 那位作家兼艺术家已经到了。 (3)由no...and no... each...and each... every...and every... many a...and many a...

one and a half...等构成复合主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Every boy and every girl has the right to get education.每一个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。

(4)主语后面带有as well as，rather than，like，but，except，besides，with，together with，along with，including，in addition to，as much as，more than等词连接的名词，根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。

The professor together with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.

当时教授和他的很多学生正在实验室做实验。

(5)either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。

Each of us has a new book. 我们每人都有一本新书。

Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的每件事都是麻烦。

(6)如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，public，board，class，team，group，company，crew，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等。

Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。 Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。 [名师点津]

people，police，cattle，youth等名词一般都用作复数。 The police are looking for the lost child. 警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。

2．逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)

(1)what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。

All is going well.一切顺利。

All have gone to Beijing.所有的人都去了北京。 (2)时间、距离、金钱作主语时的主谓一致

表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以用复数。

Twenty years is a long time.二十年是很长时间。 Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot. 步行两千米是一段很长的路程。

(3)若主语是以复数形式结尾的书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。

The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.

《一千零一夜》是一本有趣的故事书。

(4)表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。

One and a half apples is(are)left on the table. 桌子上剩下一个半苹果。

(5)算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Twelve plus eight is twenty.十二加八是二十。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven. 五十六被八除是七。

(6)一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

I think physics isn't easy to study. 我认为物理不好学。

(7)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。

My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。 The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下那双鞋子是他的。

(8)“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。

The young are mostly ambitious. 年轻人多半有雄心。

Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured.The injured was rushed to hospital.昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。

[即时演练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①Most of the teachers are(be) against the proposal. ②One of my close friends has(have) been abroad for 8 years. ③Two thirds of the land is(be)planted with wheat.

3．就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致 (1)当两个主语由either...or... neither...nor... whether...or...

not only...but also...连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. 或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。 Is neither he nor they wholly right? 他和他们都不全对吗？

(2)there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。

There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。

[即时演练4] 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Are(be)either you or he good at English?

②Not only the students but also the teacher wants(want)to go climbing. ③There are(be)two chairs and a desk in the room. ＝There is(be) a desk and two chairs in the room. ④In front the village runs(run)a river.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．With a lot of homework to do(do)，he can't play football.

2．You may find it astonishing(astonish) that such a girl could sing so well. 3．I looked up and noticed a man picking(pick) the woman's pocket on the bus. 4．When he walked past，he heard his neighbor play/playing(play) the violin.

5．He found his hometown greatly changed(change)．

6．Not only I but also my daughter is(be) fond of his magic tricks.

7．Listening attentively in class and reviewing in time is(be) a sure way to improve your learning.

8．－Did you go to the show last night?

－Yeah.Every boy and every girl in the area was invited (invite)． 9．More than one student is(be) eager to pay a visit to the new park. 10．He，together with his three children，goes(go) to the beach every summer. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．Listen！Do you hear someone called for help？called→calling 2．The middle-aged man spoke loudly to make himself understand.

understand→understood

3．The cruel boss made the young workers to work for long hours every day.去掉to

4．What the poor children need in this school is some interesting books.is→are 5．The old man as well as his colleagues like the old song very much.like→likes 6．The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.felt→feel

7．Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.去掉第三个to

8．Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky—they looked like rain！was→were

9．The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.have→has

10．I found the test difficulty，but I tried hard to do it.difficulty→difficult