学位论文-—黑龙江省农产品出口对 农民增收的实证研究

哈尔滨广厦学院毕业论文（设计） Abstract

Heilongjiang Province is China's major agricultural province, rich in agricultural resources makes Heilongjiang Province has become an important commodity grain base in China. After joining the WTO, deepen the opening up of agricultural markets for the exports of agricultural products of Heilongjiang Province, has opened a new space, but also its international competitiveness will pose serious challenges. By analyzing the status quo of agricultural export trade in Heilongjiang Province to identify the factors that affect the agricultural exports of Heilongjiang Province, which proposed to strengthen the recommendations of the Heilongjiang Agricultural Products Export Development and farmers' income will definitely help on the sustained and healthy development of the export trade of agricultural products in Heilongjiang Province.

Keywords：Status and development of Heilongjiang Province, exports of

agricultural products

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哈尔滨广厦学院毕业论文（设计） 目 录

摘 要 ····················································································· I Abstract······················································································ II 一、绪论 ····················································································· 1 二、黑龙江省农产品研究的目的和意义 ·············································· 2 三、黑龙江省农业发展现状 ····························································· 3

（一）黑龙江省农业发展的自然资源优势 ····································· 3

1.黑龙江省农业发展的地理优势············································ 3 2.黑龙江省农业发展的土地优势············································ 3 （二）黑龙江省农业发展的政策优势 ··········································· 4 （三）黑龙江省主要农作物及近年产量 ········································ 4

1.黑龙江省主要农产品························································ 4 2.主要农产品近年产量························································ 5

四、黑龙江省农产品出口现状 ·························································· 6

（一）近年黑龙江省农产品出口量分析 ········································ 6 （二）黑龙江省农产品主要出口国 ·············································· 7 （三）黑龙江省农产品出口创汇程度 ··········································· 7 五、影响农产业出口的因素 ····························································· 9

（一）农产品出口的结构不合理 ················································· 9 （二）主要粮食产品出口竞争能力弱 ··········································· 9 六、加强黑龙江省农产品出口贸易发展的建议 ··································· 10

（一）重点扶植龙头企业 ························································ 10 （二）发展食品产业，加强对俄出口 ········································· 10 （三）加强政府的宏观调控 ····················································· 10 七、农产品出口对农民增收的实证研究 ············································ 12

（一）完善政策保障机制 ························································ 12 （二）完善市场拉动机制 ························································ 12 （三）强化产业支撑机制 ························································ 12 （四）完善劳动力转移就业机制 ··············································· 12 （五）完善城乡统筹机制 ························································ 13 结 论 ··················································································· 14 致 谢 ··················································································· 15 参考文献 ··················································································· 16

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哈尔滨广厦学院毕业论文（设计） 一、绪论

农业是人类赖以生存和发展的基础，农业生产对国计民生具有战略地位，使得各国长期以来一直对本国农产品生产与贸易给予高度关注，并实施各种保护政策。随着经济全球化和国际贸易活动的日益增强，农产品贸易在国际贸易中所占的比重也越来越大。近年来各国不断发生的食品污染事件，使食品安全成为各国政府日益关注的问题，不断出台有关农产品的安全标准与技术法规。另外，为了减少贸易对环境和资源的负面影响，实现可持续发展，限制或者禁止危害环境产品的国际贸易，采取必要的贸易保护措施已经成为各国的共识。然而，许多发达国家却借保护人类健康和安全，以及保护生态环境之名，设置较高的技术标准，限制国外农产品的进入。特别是2008年下半年开始，由美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机对世界经济的冲击日益显现。受全球金融危机和国际农产品市场价格下跌的冲击，中国农产品出口明显受挫，出口增长放缓，进口高速增长，贸易逆差快速扩大，成为中国历史上农产品对外贸易逆差最大的年份。

鉴于黑龙江省农产品生产经营中存在的一系列的自身不利因素，以及国外非关税壁垒的消极影响，另外，国际金融危机对世界农业发展又带来了新的不稳定因素，使得我国农产品出口遭受到较大冲击，导致黑龙江省农产品出口替代性不强，产品竞争力薄弱，黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的发展面临前所未有的挑战。黑龙江省如何在这样的背景下找到一条适合自身农业发展的道路，从农业体制到农业生产技术，从政府到企业全面的改进，将对黑龙江省农产品贸易的不断发展产生深远影响。

20世纪90年代，随着我国出口农产品遭受非关税壁垒的增多，国内学者开始对我国农产品贸易发展问题进行研究，大量文献开始涌现。在黑龙江省农产品贸易发展方面的研究成果主要集中在研究和探讨黑龙江省农业的发展现状、黑龙江省农产品贸易现状及对策、黑龙江省农业产业竞争力、黑龙江省如何应对绿色贸易壁垒等问题。黑龙江省农产品贸易问题研究取得了一些引人注目的新成果，不少研究学术成果的出版出现了系列化的趋向。

从现有的文献资料来看，国内许多专家学者都从产业竞争力的角度、突破国外设置的技术壁垒角度以及农业标准化角度对一国或一地区的农业产业做了多方面的研究。进入二十一世纪以来国际上的绿色贸易壁垒的兴起，成为黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的巨大阻碍，当然也影响了黑龙江省农产品贸易的发展。

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哈尔滨广厦学院毕业论文（设计） 二、黑龙江省农产品研究的目的和意义

黑龙江省具有发展农业所需要的丰富的自然资源、劳动力资源，并且与俄罗斯远东及西伯利亚地区、日本、韩国、朝鲜等国家或地区相临，交通便利，具有优越的地理条件，这些优越的条件使黑龙江省成为我国最大的商品粮生产基地和绿色食品生产基地，具有发展农产品贸易的基础条件。另外，俄罗斯、日本、韩国等国家与黑龙江省经济发展水平的落差和生产要素的互补性，客观上要求进行农产品贸易。

具体来讲，本研究的目的在于:首先，在国际贸易保护主义理论和产业竞争力理论的指导下，对黑龙江省农产品贸易现状进行全面分析，研究制约黑龙江省农产品出口的主要问题。第二，从黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的主客观因素着手，找到全省农产品出口数量下降原因所在，并提出促进黑龙江省农产品出口的措施。第三，探讨促进发展黑龙江省农产品出口的对策建议，为发展黑龙江省特色、现代农业提供决策依据，有利于对黑龙江省农业发展进行宏观指导;为黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的发展，特别是全省农业产业结构调整，提出有价值的理论依据和实践对策、建议。在当今农业发展的新阶段，农业的地位和角色已发生了根本性的变化，农业的功能已从单纯的食物供给与生存保障，发展到现代经济社会稳定的基础与生态保护的基础。黑龙江省是我国农业大省，农产品对外贸易在全省农产品贸易中以及在全国的农产品贸易中都占有重要地位，所以制约黑龙江省农产品出口的因素问题，具有重要的现实和战略意义。首先，本文通过实证研究，从黑龙江省农产品出口贸易的角度出发，对各种制约黑龙江省农产品出口的因素进行深化研究，有利于黑龙江省农产品出口创汇。第二，研究解决制约黑龙江省农产品出口的因素对于提高黑龙江省地区实力具有重要意义。第三，黑龙江省农产品出口对于黑龙江省地区的影响力具有重要意义。

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