【10套打包】厦门市中考一模英语试题及答案

24. Why is sugar addictive?

A. It makes us feel good and want more of it.

B. It has a strong effect on our blood. C. Tasty foods are full of sugar.

D. There is sugar in medicine.

25. According to the passage, why is it so hard to avoid sugar?

A. We like candy too much.

B. It gives us needed energy.

C. It is in so many foods and drinks.

D. We get used to eating it at school.

26. What is the passage mainly about? A. Ways to avoid sugar. B. Our addiction to sugar.

C. Illnesses caused by sugar. D. Good sugar and bad sugar.

C

The Teenage Brain

Parents, teachers, and others who deal closely with teenagers know how difficult the adolescent(青少年的) years can be. This was thought to be due to the “foolishness of youth.” Now, brain-imaging technology allows scientists to study the physical development of the brain in more details than ever before. Their discoveries have led a new theory of why teens act this way.

Recently, scientists have discovered that though our brains are almost at their full size by the age of six, they are far from fully developed. Only during adolescence do our brains truly “grow up.” During this time, they go through great changes, like a computer system being upgraded. This “upgrade” was once thought to be finished by about age 12. Now scientists have found that our brains continue to change until age 25. Such changes make us better at

balancing impulses (冲动) with following rules. But a still-developing brain does this clumsily

(笨拙地). The result, scientists believe, is the unpredictable behavior seen in teenagers.

The studies show that teens are more likely to take risks. Luckily, the news isn’t all bad. As brain scientist B. J. Casey points out, the teen brain inspires such behavior in order to help teens prepare for adult life.

One way the brain does this is by changing the way teens measure risk and reward (回报). Researchers have found that when teens think about rewards, their brains release more of the chemicals that create pleasure. Researchers believe this makes the rewards seem more important than the risks, and makes teens feel the excitement of new experience.

Research into the structure of the teen brain have also found that it makes social connection seem especially rewarding. As such, teens have a strong need to meet new people. Because it is still developing, a teen brain can change to deal with new situations. So it connects social rewards with even more pleasure. In this way, the brain encourages teens to have a wide circle of friends, which is believed to make them more successful in life.

Unluckily, this need for greater rewards can sometimes lead teens to make bad decisions. However, it also means that teens are more likely, and less afraid, to try new things or to be independent. And in the long run, the impulses of the teen brain are what help teens leave their parents’ care and live their own life successfully.

27. According to Paragraph 2, what have the scientists discovered now? A. A changing brain helps follow the rules. B. Our brains finish upgrading by age of twelve. C. Our brains are fully developed by the age of six. D. A developing brain can cause unpredictable behaviors. 28. The writer probably agrees that .

A. teenagers should learn from their bad decisions B. many teenagers are able to change their behaviors C. the way the teen brain works makes them less afraid D. the impulses of a teenage brain should be controlled

29. What can we learn from the passage?

A. The teen brain makes risks less exciting.

B. The impulse of teen brain can benefit teenagers. C. Teenagers with more friends are more successful.

D. Teenagers make wrong decisions because of their brain.

D

It is quite obvious that there are serious differences in sleep patterns ( 模 式 ) in different parts of the world, and that sleep patterns have also changed over time. Traditions, cultural values and local conditions and environments all have an effect on sleep practices and attitudes.

One main cause of these differences is the widespread use of man-made light, which has led to big changes in sleep patterns in the industrialized world. It is thought that today we sleep at least an hour less each night than was just a century ago, and probably several hours less than before industrialization and electricity. According to some studies, man-made lighting has encouraged people to go to bed later and have monophasic sleep, rather than polyphasic

sleep(多阶段睡眠) which is the more broken-up sleep patterns.

During the long nights of the winter months, our prehistoric ancestors may have broken sleep up into two or more parts, separated by an hour or two of quiet restfulness. In nomadic(游牧的) societies, even today, it is more common for people to have this kind of polyphasic sleep, sleeping on and off throughout the day or night, depending on what is happening.

Even within the developed world, there are considerable differences in sleep patterns. A study carried out in ten countries in 2002 showed some of these regional (地区的) differences. For example, while the general time the study participants slept was about 7.5 hours a night, the results from different countries differed from 6 hours 53 minutes in Japan to 8 hours 24 minutes in Portugal. Over 42% of Brazilians took regular afternoon naps (午睡), compared to only 12% of Japanese people.

A daytime short sleep or nap is commonplace among adults in many Mediterranean countries. Spain, in particular, has raised the nap almost to the level of an art form, although, in the busy modern world, it is less ubiquitous than it once was. Naps are also common in parts

of Africa and China.

It is clear, then, that there are cultural and historical differences in the amount of sleep we get and the way we get it. Yet one thing is for sure: the need for sufficient sleep, however we may define this, is universal and unchanging. 30. The second paragraph is mainly about . A. people sleep much less today than a century ago B. man-made lighting has influenced sleep patterns C. man-made lighting was introduced into our world D. people were encouraged to have polyphasic sleep 31. We can learn from the study in 2002 that .

A. people in Portugal slept less than people in Japan B. more than half of Brazilians had sleep problems C. there were regional differences in sleep patterns D. there were historical reasons for sleep problems 32. The word “ubiquitous” in Paragraph 5 probably means A. common

B. special

C. strange

. D. important

33. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Nap in different periods. B. Sleep in different cultures. C. Unchanging sleep attitudes. D. Improving our sleep patterns.

四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共 10 分，每小题 2 分）

English dictionaries which were written before 18th century had only words which were not common, or words which were difficult to spell. Then, in 1755, Dr. Samuel Johnson, a great English writer, wrote a famous dictionary. This dictionary contained common words as well as unusual ones. It also showed how words should be used in sentences.

In 1858, a group of people who study language started to write The Oxford English Dictionary (OED). They wanted to list all the words of the English language. They even