book8unit5词汇

Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors-Language Points

Warming up

1. alternative n. 可供选择的事物；（两者或以上）可能的选择 adj. 供选择的，二选一的，另外的。常作定语

Is there a valid alternative to the present system. 现行体制有没有切实可行的制度来代替。 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only alternative. 如果我们收不到付款，起诉将是我们唯一的选择。

You have the alternative of riding or walking.你可以在骑车和步行中选择一种。 If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own. 如果你不喜欢学校的午餐，你可以选择自己带饭。 alternative energy可替代能源

The way was blocked,so I went by an alternative road.这条路被挡住了，因此我走了另一条。 Do you have an alternative solution to the problem？ 你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题？ 常用结构： have the alternative of doing sth 有做……..的选择；可以做……….

have no alternative but to do sth. 只能做某事；除……外别无选择 = have no choice but to do sth.=can’t do sth but do sth =can do nothing but do sth=can’t help but do sth

We have no alternative but to go on. 除了继续下去,我们别无选择。

There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory. 除了战斗到胜利,别无选择。

3. starvation--n.饥饿; 饿死; 绝食，缺乏, 不足 die of starvation

She used to suffer from starvation but now she is starving herself to try to lose weight.(starve) 她过去常常忍饥挨饿，但是现在却节食来试图减肥。

4. tentative -- adj. 不确定的，试探性的，暂定的 a tentative smile 勉强的微笑 tentative prices 价格不固定, 暂定价

Make a tentative offer 作尝试性的出价（建议） Come to a tentative conclusion 获得暂时的结论 proposal a tentative project 提出一个初步的计划。

He still held a tentative relationship with Marjorie Stafford.他还和麦琪利·斯达福保持着若即若离的关系。 Could we make a tentative appointment for Friday? 暂时的我们能暂时先约在星期五吗? Each step he took was slightly tentative. 他每走一步都有些迟疑不决。

Reading

1. interrupt vt.&vi. 打断(别人谈话)，打岔，插嘴；暂时中断或中止 It is rude to interrupt. 打断别人的话，是不礼貌的。

Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm. 市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。 词语辨析 interrupt；disturb

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（1）interrupt 突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续。

（2）disturb 及物动词,一般用语，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩

序，是程度较深的打扰，以及“使焦虑，使不安、烦恼”的意思。 用interrupt, disturb

(1)Sorry to interrupt you，but can you tell me where the train station is(2)I don’t like being disturbed while I am working in my office. (3)His passion for computer games disturbed me.

3. acute adj. 严重的, 敏锐的, 急性的, 剧烈的 ① an acute problem is very serious:

This area has an acute shortage of water. 这个地方缺水严重。 He suffers from acute depression. 他患有严重的抑郁症。 ② an acute feeling is very strong:

acute pain 剧痛 acute embarrassment 极其尴尬 acute anxiety万分焦急

③technical an acute illness or disease quickly becomes very serious [≠ chronic慢性病的]: acute tuberculosis 急性肺结核 acute arthritis 急性关节炎 ④ acute senses such as hearing, taste, touch etc are very good and sensitive:

Young children have a particularly acute sense of smell. 小孩子有着极其敏锐的味觉。 ⑤ quick to notice and understand things [= sharp]: 尖锐的;敏锐的 He is a man of acute intelligence. 他非常聪颖。

We agreed with his acute analysis of the political situation. 我们都同意他对政治形势的深刻分析。

2. assume vt. 设想，假定；主观认为

常用结构：

assume+sb/sth.+(to be)+adj. 假定/认为某人/事是…… assume+that-clause;

It is assumed that 据认为

When it got to midnight and Paul was still not back, I began to assume the worst. 到午夜时保罗还没回来，我开始往最坏的地方想了。

We assumed him to be the best writer of our time.我们认为他是我们这个时代最好的作家。 We assumed that you understood the situation. 我们认为你了解形势。

It is assumed that this is the best possible translation. 据认为这可能是最佳译文。 Assuming (that) the weather is favourable, farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。

Assuming (that) it to be true, what should we do now? 假定这是真的，我们现在该怎麽办？

assumption n. 假定，设想 make an assumption 认为，假定 on the assumption that 假定…….. The project was predicated on the assumption that the economy was expanding. 这一工程是以经济发展的设想为依据的。

A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World. 许多人认为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。

4. regardless of 不管，

(=in spite of; despite 不管；尽管)

Everyone has the right to get good medical care regardless of their ability to pay. 每个人都有权得到良好的医疗保障，无论他们支付能力如何。

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He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter. 不顾我对此事的感受。 People should be hired regardless of race and sex. 雇用人员应没有种族、性别的差异。 They continued to work regardless of the fact that it was raining.他们不管下雨的事实继续工作。

6. keep out 使?在外，使?.留在外面，阻止...进入 Keep the strangers out. 不让陌生人进来 The trees keep out the wind. 这些树可以挡风。 keep...out of... 不让...进入某处 Keep that dog out of my study.

7. at most 至多；最多（=at the most）

It should only cost at most thirty dollars.它最多只要三十美元。

The whole process will take half an hour at the most. 整个过程顶多需要半个小时。

拓展：at (the) least 至少 at (the) best 充其量；最好 make the most of尽量利用，充分利用

9. cut up 切碎；使伤心

The child often cut up vegetables to feed these chickens. 这个孩子经常切蔬菜来喂这些小鸡。(切碎) He seemed very cut up by his troubles. (使丧气；使人伤心) 联想拓展：

cut off 砍掉，切掉；切断，停止；使分离，使隔绝 cut off A from B cut down 砍伐；削减 cut in 打断，插嘴

cut out 剪去；删去，略去；戒掉

10. ample adj. enough 足够的；abundant, plentiful 充足的，富裕的 There is ample reason to believe that the man is innocent. (足够的) This leaves her ample time to prepare three meals a day.

俚语：Ample food and clothing by working with our own hands. 自己动手,丰衣足食。

11. messy adj. 肮脏的，凌乱的；麻烦的

The messy garden is in a state of neglect.这个又脏又乱的花园处于无人管理的状态 It is a major operation. It is a very messy operation.这是大手术，难度很大。 mess n. 脏乱状态，凌乱；困境，麻烦，混乱

固定搭配; in a mess 脏乱的状态；陷入困境，一团糟，混乱的 make a mess (of) 弄脏；混乱，（把事情）搞砸 The room was in a mess. 这个房间脏乱不堪。 The economy is in a mess. 经济陷入困境。

The kids made a mess in the bathroom. 孩子们把浴室搞得一团糟。

Learning about Language

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1. significance n. 意义，重要性

常用搭配： the significance of…….. ┉┉的重要性，含义

be of (great) significance 有（重大）意义；（非常）重要

be of no significance 无意义；不重要 be of little significance 不太重要

(The proposals they put forward at the meeting were of little significance. 他们在会上提出的建议无足轻重。 I attach much significance to this matter. 我很重视这件事。

He did not understand the significance of my wink. 他没有领会我眨眼的意思。 拓展：significant adj. 重要的；重大的；显著的

2. somehow adv.

1) in some way/by some means that is not known or certain 以某种方式，通过某种途径

We'll get there somehow, by boat or otherwise. 我们总要设法去那里的，乘船也好，用其他办法也好 We must stop him from seeing her somehow. 不管怎么着，我们都不能让他见到她。 2) for a reason that you do not know or understand不知为什么，不知怎么地

Somehow, I always know I’d get the job,也不知为什么，我总觉得能得到那份工作。 He could have finished it on schedule, but somehow he fell behind. 他原本能按预定进度做完这件事的，但不知怎么却落后了。

Somehow, I don’t think it’ll work. 不知为什么，我总觉得那样行不通。 常用结构： somehow or other 不知是什么原因；由于某种原因；以某种方式 Somehow or other we became friends, I never knew just why it was. 不知何故我们成了朋友，我绝不知道为什么会这样。

3. (be) fed up with 厌烦，受够了，饱受

(1).I’m fed up with waiting for her.我等她都等得不耐烦了。

(2).What’s the matter? You look pretty fed up. 怎么啦？你显得那么不耐烦。

(3).We are all fed up with his laziness and carelessness. 我们都已经无法忍受他的懒惰和粗心。

Using Language

1. If only it could be just like last year!要是能跟去年那样该有多好呀！

“if only+句子”是一个固定句型，表示一种愿望，意为“要是??就好了/但愿??！” ①.if only...could/would+do...表示对将来事情的愿望（不用should）。 ②.if only...did...表示对与目前或现在事实相反的愿望。 ③.if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望。 If only I knew her name. 要是我知道她的名字就好了。

If only he’d remembered to send that letter. 要是他没忘记发那封信就好了。 If only I could speak several foreign languages! 装。

Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter this room.

only if是由only后接if条件从句构成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要”，位于句首时，主句要用部分倒

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