整理高中高三英语语法之名词性从句讲解及练习题答案

高中英语语法之名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连词：that（无任何词意）whether,if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,whose, whichever,whomever 连接副词：when, where, how, why,how many,how much,how often 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词

2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为\是否\的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语 4. 从句后有\

Whether he will come is not clear.

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。

It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 二. 主语从句

1、作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：

Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） It + be + 名词 + that从句

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（2） It + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3） It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2、第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语。主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。

（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all. （2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

小结:（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2)连词位于句首不能省略（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单。

第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末 （1）It is certain that he will win the match.

（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. （3）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.

小结（:1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句（.2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句3. 三、宾语从句

名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.

注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.

2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引

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导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： She will give whoever needs help a warm support.

3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：

a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?

4. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。 5.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.

We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.

②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it。这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.

When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. ③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that

①当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时; ②当宾语从句较长时;

③当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;

④当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;

⑤当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;

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⑥当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;

⑦当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时; ⑧当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时; ⑨当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;

⑩在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时. 7.宾语从句的时态

当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响. 当主句为过去时

①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生

I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. ②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. ③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. ④如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.

当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首

Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 四、表语从句

1、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如： The fact is that we have lost the game. 。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：

(1)“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason

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