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华工百步梯 学习时代
e one,” said Donald Morrison, professor of marketing and management science. “ But in the last five years or so, when someone says, ‘Should I attempt to get a n MBA,’ the answer a lot more is: It depends.”\\;
The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs, such as the late Sam Walton of Wal -Mart Stores Inc., has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth of a business degree and whether management skills can b e taught.\\;
The Harvard Business Review printed a lively, fictional exchange of letters to d ramatize complaints about business degree holders.\\;
The article called MBA hires “extremely disappointing” and said “MBAs want to move up too fast,they don’t understand politics and people,and they aren’t able to function as part of a team until their third year.But by then,they’re out lo oking for other jobs.”\\;
The problem, most participants in the debate acknowledge,is that the MBA has acq uired an aura (光环) of future riches and power far beyond its actual importance and usefulness.\\;
Enrollment in business schools exploded in the 1970s and 1980s and created the a ssumption that no one who pursued a business career could do without one. The gr owth was fueled by a backlash (反冲) against the anti-business values of the 196 0s and by the women’s movement.\\;
Business people who have hired or worked with MBAs say those with the degrees of ten know how to analyze systems but are not so skillful at motivating people. “ They don’t get a lot of grounding in the people side of the business”,said Jame s Shaffer, vice-president and principal of the Towers Perrin management consulti ng firm.
21.According to Paragraph 2, what is the general attitude towards busines s on campuses dominated by purer disciplines?\\= A)Scornful. B)Appreciative. C)Envious. D)Realistic.
22.It seems that the controversy over the value of MBA degrees had been f ueled mainly by ____.\\=
A)the complaints from various employers B)the success of many non-MBAs
C)the criticism from the scientists of purer disciplines D)the poor performance of MBAs at work
23.What is the major weakness of MBA holders according to the Harvard Business Review?\\=
A)They are usually self-centered. B)They are aggressive and greedy.
C)They keep complaining about their jobs. D)They are not good at dealing with people.
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24.From the passage we know that most MBAs ____.\\= A)can climb the corporate ladder fairly quickly
B)quit their jobs once they are familiar with their workmates C)receive salaries that do not match their professional training D)cherish unrealistic expectations about their future
25.What is the passage mainly about?\\=
A)Why there is an increased enrollment in MBA programs.
B)The necessity of reforming MBA programs in business schools. C)Doubts about the worth of holding an MBA degree. D)A debate held recently on university campuses.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
When school officials in Kalkaska, Michigan,closed classes last week, the media flocked to the story, portraying the town’s 2,305 students as victims of stingy (吝啬的)taxpayers. There is some truth to that;the property-tax rate here is one -third lower than the state average. But shutting their schools also allowed Kal
kask’s educators and the state’s largest teachers’ union, the Michigan Education Association, to make a political point. Their aim was to spur passage of legis lation Michigan lawmakers are debating to increase the state’s share of school f unding.\\;
It was no coincidence that Kalkaska shut its schools two weeks after residents r ejected a 28 percent property-tax increase. The school board argued that without the increase it lacked the $ 1.5 million needed to keep schools open.
But the school system had not done all it could to keep the schools open. Offici als declined to borrow against next year’s state aid, they refused to trim extra curicular activities and they did not consider seeking a smaller —perhaps more acceptable—tax increase. In fact,closing early is costing Kalkaska a significan
t amount, including $ 600,000 in unemployment payments to teachers and staff and $ 250,000 in lost state aid. In February, the school system promised teachers an d staff two months of retirement payments in case schools closed early, a deal t hat will cost the district $ 275,000 more.\\;
Other signs suggest school authorities were at least as eager to make a political
statement as to keep schools open. The Michigan Education Association hired a pu blic relations firm to stage a rally marking the school closing, which attracted 14 local and national televison stations and networks. The president of the Nat ional Education Association,the MEA’s parent organization, flew from Washington, D.C., for the event. And the union tutored school officials in the art of telev ision interviews. School supervisor Doyle Disbrow acknowledges the district coul d have kept schools open by cutting programs but denies the moves were political ly motivated.\\;
Michigan lawmakers have reacted angrily to the closings. The state Senate has al
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华工百步梯 学习时代
ready voted to put the system into receivership(破产管理) and reopen schools imm ediately;the Michigan House plans to consider the bill this week.
26.We learn from the passage that schools in Kalkaska, Michigan,are funde d ____.\\=
A)by both the local and state governments B)exclusively by the local government C)mainly by the state government
D)by the National Education Association
27.One of the purposes for which school officials closed classes was [CD# 3].\\=
A)to avoid paying retirement benefits to teachers and staff B)to draw the attention of local taxpayers to political issues
C)to make the financial difficulties of their teachers and staff known to the pu blic
D)to pressure Michigan lawmakers into increasing state funds for local schools
28.The author seems to disapprove of ____.\\= A)the Michigan lawmakers’ endless debating B)the shutting of schools in Kalkaska C)the involvement of the mass media
D)delaying the passage of the school funding legislation
29.We learn from the passage that school authorities in Kalkaska are concerned about ____.\\=
A)a raise in the property-tax rate in Michigan B)reopening the schools there immediately
C)the attitude of the MEA’s parent organization
D)making a political issue of the closing of the schools
30.According to the passage, the closing of the schools developed into a crisis because of ____.\\=
A)the complexity of the problem
B)the political motives on the part of the educators C)the weak response of the state officials
D)the strong protest on the part of the students’ parents
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
German Chancellor (首相) Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his military a nd diplomatic talent, but his legact(遗产) includes many of today’s social insur ance programs. During the middle of the 19th century,Germany, along with other E
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u
ropean nations, experienced an unprecedented rash of workplace deaths and accide nts as a result of growing industrialization. Motivated in part by Christian comp assion(怜悯) for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to underc
ut the support of the socialist labor movement,Chancellor Bismarck created the w orld’s first workers’ compensation law in 1884.\\;
By 1908,the United States was the only industrial nation in the world that lacke
d workers’ compensation insurance. America’s injured workers could sue for damag es in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers.For example,employees had to prove that their injuries directly resulted from employ er negligence and that they themselves were ignorant about potential hazards in the workplace.The first state workers’ compensation law in this country passed i n 1911,and the program soon spread throughout the nation.\\;
After World War Ⅱ,benefit payments to American workers did not keep up with the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they
were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national c
ommission to study the problems of workers’ compensation. Two years later,the co mmission issued 19 key recommendations, including one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states’ average weekly wages. \\;
In fact,the average compensation benefit in America has climbed from 55 percent of the states’ average weekly wages in 1972 to 97 percent today. But, as most st udies show,every 10 percent increase in compensation benefits results in a 5 per cent increase in the numbers of workers who file for claims. And with so much mo re money floating in the workers’ compensation system, it’s not surprising that doctors and lawyers have helped themselves to a large slice of the growing pie. \\=
31.The world’s first workers’ compensation law was introduced by Bismarck ____.\\=
A)to make industrial production safer
B)to speed up the pace of industrialization C)out of religious and political considerations
D)for fear of losing the support of the socialist labor movement
32.We learn from the passage that the process of industrialization in Eur ope ____.\\=
A)was accompanied by an increased number of workshop accidents B)resulted in the development of popular social insurance programs
C)required workers to be aware of the potential dangers at the workplace D)met growing resistance from laborers working at machines
33.One of the problems the American injured workers faced in getting comp ensation in the early 19th century was that ____.\\=
A)they had to have the courage to sue for damages in a court of law
B)different states in the U.S. had totally different compensation programs
C)America’s average compensation benefit was much lower than the cost of living
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