高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解

高考英语七选五阅读解题技巧讲解

题型分布 年份 素材话题 体裁 标题 段首 段中 段尾 2013 2014 2015 2016 （一模） 2016 （二模） 商务以及商务管理的定义 说明文 0 0 3 2 如何帮助孩子为未来职业做准备 重建人际关系中的信任的意义与措施 如何通过度假来释放工作的压力 独处并不代表孤独 说明文 0 1 4 0 说明文 2 0 3 0 说明文 0 1 4 0 说明文 0 1 4 0

什么是说明文？

说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事理的阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等能有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。说明文的中心鲜明突出，文章具有科学性，条理性，语言确切生动。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。说明文一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能，解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等。说明文实用性很强，它包括广告、说明书、提要、提示、规则、章程、解说词等。说明文有的是以时间为序，有的是以空间为序；有的由现象写到本质，有的由主写到次；有的按工艺流程顺序来说明，有的按事物的性质、功用、原理等顺序来说明。常见的说明方法有举例子、分类别、作比较、列数字、下定义、作诠释、打比方、摹状貌、引用、画图表（作图表）等。（源自百度百科）

一．根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1) 空格为标题

标题的特点就是短小精悍，且多为名词性短语或祈使句 （2015年全国卷I）

Unfortunately, we‘ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we‘ve been stolen from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can‘t trust anymore, 37. It‘s understandable, but if you‘re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.

● 38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●39 If you‘ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there‘s a difference between being a victim and living with a ―victim mentality‖. At some point in all of our lives, we‘ll have our trust tested or violated.

A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn‘t mean you‘re ignoring what happened. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. They‘ve been too badly hurt and they can‘t bear to let it happen again.

2)空格出现在段首

通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 （2014年全国卷I） 4. Self Expression

40 there are many ways to express thoughts and ideas –music, acting, drawing,building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can‘t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don‘t yet exist? E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

3)空格出现在段中

这时要根据空格前后的句子意思、备选选项的句子意思以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定答案。 （2016广州二模）

Alone But Not Lonely

We often fill loneliness with all types of unsatisfying activities. Young people would rather spend a Friday night out with strangers，than spend the night alone. They‘re looking for a way to kill time while they await true friendship. Then there are young adults in gangs where they don‘t really like their companions. 39 Why does being alone scare us?

Do not be afraid of silence. 40 It teaches you how to truly listen. It teaches you to pay attention to what‘s going on inside of you. Only when we are alone can we have the space and peace we need to think without being outwardly influenced. It therefore becomes easier to make important decisions as well as to reflect on how we are feeling.

A．Loneliness is therefore a feeling that can be experienced whether or not one is physically alone.

B．They would rather feel accepted on a shallow level than risk feeling alone.

C．The problem of loneliness can be easily solved in a modem world. D．But, when doing so, the mainthing we are trying to avoid is loneliness. E．In the country, people are quiet but few are lonely. F．It can provide you with amazing benefits. G．It guides you through hardships.

4)空格出现在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。

Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process. 18 ． A.Use words, not complete sentences.

B. There are three practical note-taking methods. C. You must write your notes on separate paper.

D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.

E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.

F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.

G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

二．根据不同的衔接手段确定解题策略 词汇连接 1. 代词

英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。 例1

Homework is an important part of a student‘s education. 19 . They worry that a lighter homework load will put kids at a disadvantage.

A. If so, think again.

B. There are a number of kids who have no homework. C. These numbers have remained the same since 1984.

D. Teachers give two reasons for assigning a lot of homework. E. It is still an increase in the amount of time spent on homework.

F. Some teachers argue that homework prepares kids for state tests and for college.

G. For example, a third-grader should have 30 minutes of homework, a fifth-grader 50

minutes, and so on.

2. 同义词/近义词

英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。

例2

Don‘t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don‘t see things the same way. 18 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.

A.Why should you forgive? B. How should you start to forgive?

C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.

D. Try to see things from you offender‘s angle.

E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.

F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.

G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.

3. 上下义词/同一范畴词

所谓上下义词就是指前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。如apple和orange之间则同一范畴的关系，都属于fruit。利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。 例3

18 Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all. A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people． B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit．

C. They found that about 60 percent of them didn‘t contain any fruit at all． D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so．

E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products． F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all．

G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.

4)数字线索

包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。 例4

Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores. 17 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit．

A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people． B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit．

C. They found that about 60 percent of them didn‘t contain any fruit at all． D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so．