大学科技英语考前复习总结 - 图文

改写句子10x2+20分 填空50个—50分 翻译（英译汉）20分

一、as的用法

1.This type of motor is known as an induction motor. 这种发电机称为感应发电机。

2. Electric current may be considered as a flow of electrons through a medium. 电流可看成是穿过介质内的一股电子流。 3. These materials may be classified as conductors. 这些材料可以归在导体类。 4.The steam is cooled and condensed as a film of water.蒸汽冷凝成一层水膜。

5.The carbon in cast iron is present partly as free graphite. 铸铁中的碳部分以自由石墨的形式存在。 6. As Fig.1.2 shows……

As we have just proved……

As we have stated in the previous chapter…… As is shown in the illustration… As is know……

As was mentioned a short time ago… As shown in the table……

As pointed out by professor Smith… As above…… As before…

7. The bridge, as originally planned, would have been too expensive.原来设计的那座桥造价太贵。 8. The uranium, as used in the reactor, is the form of a thin rod.在反应堆中用的铀是一种细棒。

9. The earth is a conductor of electricity and as such it may form part of an electrical circuit.地球是一种导体，因此就可能形成部分电路。 10. A simple governor is dependent on gravity as such it must be kept vertical.一个简单的调速器是依靠重力工作的，因此必须将其竖立放置。

二、such that, such as to

1. Her excitement was such that she shouted. 她兴奋地叫起来。

2. It was such a lovely day that everybody was feeling happy and cheerful. 那是一个如此美好的日子，人人都感到快乐高兴。 3. His illness was not such as to cause anxiety. 他的病还没严重到令人忧虑的地步。 4. I am not such a fool as to believe that.

1. The size of the flow-meter is such that the flow is unaffected by it. 流量计的大小是这样设计的，即它不影响流速。

或 The size of the flow-meter is such as to have no effect on the flow. 2. The job is such that it demands the greatest skill. 这是一项需要高度技艺的工作。

或 The job is such as to demand the greatest skill.

三、抽象名词的用法

1. 一年四季的日常用水量不同。

The daily consumption of water varies with the season. 2.送电时广泛使用变压器。

Transformers are widely used in the transmission of electrical power. 3. 原子裂变能放出中子。

Nuclear fission results in the emission of neutrons. 4.厂家负责安装这种新设备。

The installation of the new equipment is the responsibility of the manufactures. 5. 所有有关的资料均应在规格中详细说明。

All the relevant information should be detailed in the specification. 6.用这种方法试验机器需要消耗电力。

If machines are tested by this method, there will be some loss of power. The testing of machines by this method entails some loss of power。 7.用泵能抽取油箱中的油。

The contents of the tank are discharged by a pump.

Discharge of the contents of the tank is performed by a pump. 8.有必要检查一下这些结果是否准确。

It is necessary to examine whether these results are accurate. It is necessary to examine the accuracy of these results 。 9. 需要有关哪种燃料最合适的情报。

Information is needed as to which type of fuel is most suitable. Information is needed as to the most suitable type of fuel. 10. 不清楚这些结果有多么准确。 It is doubtful how accurate the results are. The accuracy of the results is doubtful.

11. 工作的进展取决于这个机构的效率如何。

The progress of the work will depend on how efficient the organization is. The Progress of the work will depend on the efficiency of the organization.

四、make +名词+形容词

这样会使问题变得容易些.

This makes the problem easy/easier. 这样能使金属更硬些.

This makes the metal harder/hard.hardens 这样能使金属变长。 This makes the metal longer. = This lengthens the metal. 这样能使螺栓更紧些。 This makes the screw tighter. = This tightens the screw. 这样能使洞更深些.

This makes the hole deeper. = This deepens the hole.

五、enable, allow, make?+ 不定式

Safety valves allow/permit the steam to escape. 安全阀能使蒸气（从锅炉中）排出 好的生产方法能使工厂生产更多的汽车。

Good production methods enable the factory to manufacture more cars. 显微镜能使科学家们观测非常小的物体。

A microscope enables the scientists to examine very small objects. 温度计能使医生（为病人）测体温。

A thermometer enables the doctor to measure body temperature. 伸缩接头能使管子延长或缩短。

Expansion joints allow/permit the pipes to expand or contract. 安全阀能使蒸气（从锅炉中）排出。

Safety valves allow/permit the steam to escape. 热使金属熔化。

The heat caused the metal to melt. = The heat makes the metal melt.

火车速度太快，使其在弯道处出轨了。

The speed of the train caused it to leave the rails on the curve. = The speed of the train made it leave the rails on the curve.

六、It is + 形容词+不定式、that

例：显然，这些电流会使磁铁中心产生热。

It is evident /obvious/clear that these currents will generate heat in the core of the magnet. 例：在磁铁中心很可能会产生涡流电流。

It is likely /possible that eddy currents will be produced in the core of the magnet. 例：需要注意/明白的是，这种能量是不能消失的， 只能转化成其它形式。

It should be noted/realized that this energy can not be destroyed, only changed into other forms. 例：假定气缸中气体温度为定值。

It is assumed that the gas temperature in the cylinder is constant. 例：最好尽可能地把这些电流除掉。

It is desirable /essential that these currents should be eliminated as far as possible. 例：已经决定在几个月内开始生产。

It is decided /arranged/planned that the production should begin in a few months. 例：应当注意到/应该看到/应当知道，?

It should be noted/realized /noticed /appreciated that ?? 例：可以证明，?

It can be shown/proved/demonstrated that ??

七、句末 + ing 子句

例：The starter motor is switched off, the engine accelerating under its own power. 关闭启动马达，发动机依靠它自己的动力加速。

例： The normal type of crank shaft is used, the upper pistons being operated by crossheads. 使用标准曲（柄）轴，上活塞便由十字头操作。

例： The proton is the opposite of the electron, being a particle of positive electricity. 质子与电子性质相反，它是一种带正电的离子。

例： Mercury is most commonly used in thermometers, having a constant coefficient of expansion. 由于水银的膨胀系数是常数，它常常用于温度计中。

例： The rivet contracts as it cools, drawing the plates together. 铆钉冷却收缩时，便把钢板禁固在一起。

例： The rivet contracts as it cools, thereby drawing the plates together.

八、引出问题的几种方法

用 “It is necessary to ?”

It is necessary to determine whether those results are correct. 用 “as to” 引出

A decision should be taken as to which data is correct.

Research is going on as to how the industrial pollution can be controlled. 用“It is doubtful / not clear / unknown how ?”引出 It is doubtful how accurate these results are. 或 It is not clear how accurate these results are. 用 “?depend on what ? / how?”引出

The progress of the project will depend on what the weather conditions are like. The progress of the project will depend on how efficient the organization is. 用 “?according to what ? / how?” 引出

The type of pump used will vary according to what type of liquid is being pumped. The type of pump used will vary according to how much liquid is being pumped.

九、定义句型（definition）

用定义说明某物、某现象的形体特征、结构特点、用途或功能，从而区别于其他事物和现象 A Geiger counter is a device which measures radiation.

An equilateral figure is a plane figure with all sides equal in length.

An acid is a compound which neutralizes a solution of sodium hydroxide, such as sulfuric acid or nitric acid. 酸，例如硫酸或硝酸，是能够中和氢氧化钠溶液的化合物。

十、怎样译“有”

Contain “包含有”、“含有”，指一个统一体包含有两个或多个部分或成分，但都不一定要完全列出所包含的部分或成分，作“有”、”含有”、“装有”、“盛有”等解。

The gas contains about 5% of carbon monoxide. The tank contains 100 gallons of oil. The alloy contains 5% nickel and 5% iron.

Consist of “由……组成”、“由……构成”，可翻译成“有”。它有“某个整体是由其各个部件组成”的含义，只能用于主动语态。 The class consists of thirty students.

Smelting consists of heating the iron ore in the furnace and removing the slag. 冶炼有两个步骤，在高炉内加热铁矿石和除去铁渣。 Comprise 双面动词，主语和宾语从原则上说可以互换，而句子意思基本不变。表示“包括”。 Most fuels comprises a mixture of different substances.

Short course are arranged which last for five days and comprise lecture, demonstration and visit to a hospital. Be composed of “由……组成”。

The machine is composed of several different parts. The sea is mainly composed of water and salt.

Gunpowder is composed of sulfur, carbon, and potassium nitrate(硝酸钾).

Include “包括有”，“含有”，指有形或抽象的东西，其宾语可指全体，也可指部分。

The book was more useful because it included a detailed chronological(编年的) table of the events.

The chief live stock breeds include 12 horse breeds, 14 cattle breeds,11 sheep breeds, 15 swine(猪) breeds, and yak(牦牛) and camel. The machine includes two plastic parts.

Hold “装有”、“盛有”、“容纳有”、“包含有”，常用于科技上。 Sea-water holds many salts in solution. “溶有” The battery holds enough electricity. Have “有”。

A rectangle has four sides..

The new methods has the most remarkable advantages. Be made up of 侧重于强调“人为的组成”。

Cast-iron is made up of about six different substances.

The contents of moulding sand(造型砂) is made up of quartz, feldspar and mica(云母). Be of 表示抽象概念的“有”。

Engines are of two kinds, internal-combustion engines and external-combustion engines. There be 句型 表示“有”，”存在”

There are 13 species and 1000 varieties or more of Chinese pears which have been classified into oriental pear. Show “表现出”

This paper showed a great practicality. 这篇论文有极大的实用性。 Undergo “经历”，“发生”， 有时可翻译成“有”

Since 1976, this research center has undergone radical changes. 其它

With all his achievement he remains modest and prudent. 他虽有很多成就，但还是谦虚谨慎。

十一、原因

In view of the fact that

On account of the fact that

Owing to the fact that the bearing is worn, it must be replaced with a new one. Seeing that

The reason why the bearing must be replaced with a new one is that it is worn.

The bearing is worn. This accounts for the fact that it must be replaced with a new one. He was pardoned in view of the circumstances.

Some of the steam condenses as a result of the expansion.

The surface to be welded must be thoroughly clean, for dirt will weaken the weld.

十二、分类的表达方法

There be 句型

There are several types of such engines Be of结构

Engines are of two kinds/sorts, internal combustion engine and external combustion engine. 主动语态

We can divide books into several groups according to their contents. 被动语态

Books can be classified according to their contents.

十三、 “比较”的译法

This computer is much smaller than that one.

Most computer facilities（设施）continue to protect their physical machine far better than they do their data. This circuit requires many more components（元件）than the circuit show on page 3. （1）最常用的方式

对单音节词： 采用“ ～er and ～er”

对多音节词： 采用“ more and more ～”

Electronic devices are becoming smaller and smaller but more and more omplicated . （2）采用“ ever + ～er” （主要用于单音节词） Computers are ever smaller.

（3）采用“ increasingly + 原级” （主要用于多音节词） Computers are getting increasingly complicated . （4）“ 含有比较级的主句 + 表示时间的as从句[随着]”

The accelerating（加速）force becomes smaller as the body approaches the center. 这块芯片(chip)薄（thin）达零点几毫米 （millimeter）。

This chip is as thin as a few tenths of a millimeter. [≠ This chip is a few tenths of a millimeter thin.] 地球离月球的距离远达24万英里。

The distance of the earth from the moon is as great as 240,000 mi.

Measuring anything means comparing it with some standard to see how many times as big it is. [可看成省去了“ as the standard” ] How many times as great is the kinetic energy if the velocity is doubled?

A force which causes a body to have twice the acceleration（加速度）another force produces must be twice as great .省略了as another force There are as many designs as there are esigners.

These energy bands（能带） are actually composed of a multitude of（许许多多）individual（单个）energy levels（能级）, as many as there are atoms in the crystal（晶体）.

The design and implementation（实现）of programming languages has been more art than science . The flip-flop（触发器）can stay high for as long as 2 min. 时间长达

8、表示最高级的比较范围“ 在……之 中”时“ of ” 和“ in” 的用法区别 in： 后跟表示整体的集合名词单数

Of all physical properties of matter, electrical resistance perhaps shows the greatest range of values. of： 后跟可数名词复数

9、表示“ ……越～，……就越～” 的句型 (1) 通常的句型

“ the + 比较级 …[条件从句部分]， the + 比较级 …[主句部分]” 倒装 导线越细，你获得的电阻就越大。

The thinner the wire, the more resistance you will obtain. 该物体被提得越高，它具有的位能就越大。

The higher the body is lifted, the more potential energy it possesses. 颜色越深，它吸收（absorb）的热就越多。

The darker the color (is), the more heat it will absorb. （2）特殊句型 特点： ① “ 主句部分” 在前，“ 从句部分” 在后 ② 两部分之间无逗号分开 ③ “ 主句部分” 的比较级前一般不用“ the” 例子：

Skin effect is greater the higher the frequency.

The particles move more freely the higher the temperature.

十四、举例方法

引出例子的词或词组：as, like, for example, for instance, such as, such… as…

Languages coming from Latin, such as French, Italian, and Spanish have some characters in common. 或Such languages coming from Latin as French, Italian, and Spanish have some characters in common. Acupuncture(针灸) is one way of curing disease such as used in curing mental disease.