(江苏专版)2017高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题1单项填空第3讲情态动词和虚拟语气讲练

第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气

1．(2016·江苏高考，27)If it ________ for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now.

A．had not been C．were not to be

B．should not be D．should not have been

A [考查错综虚拟语气。句意：要不是那天他邀请我，我现在就不会在这里了。虽然主句I should not be here now 是表示与现在事实相反的假设，但由the other day(那天，前些天)可知，if条件句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，故谓语动词用had not been。]

【导学号：57732004】

2．(2015·江苏高考，28)It might have saved me some trouble ________ the schedule. A．did I know C．do I know

B．have I known D．had I known

D [考查虚拟语气在倒装句式中的应用。句意：要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。由句意和might have saved可知，句子用了虚拟语气。本句表示与过去事实相反的情况，故从句谓语用had known。if引导的非真实条件句中含有were，had，should时，可将它们提到主语之前，并将if省略。]

3．(2014·江苏高考，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.

A．might C．should

B．would D．could

C [考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：他们自己那么穷，________给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。故选C项。might可能，或许，可以；would(过去)总是，愿意；could能够，或许。]

4．(2016·北京高考，31)I love the weekend，because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.

A．needn't C．wouldn't

B．mustn't D．shouldn't

A [考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六周日我不必(needn't)早起。A项needn't意为“不必，没有必要”，符合语境。mustn't禁止；wouldn't不愿意；shouldn't不应该。]

5．(2016·北京高考，34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________ me，I could have helped.

A．told C．were to tell

B．had told D．would tell

B [考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么不把你的困难告诉我呢？如果你告诉了我，我就可能帮你了。根据题干中的Why didn't you tell me和could have helped可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以if条件句的谓语动词用had told。]

6．(2016·天津高考，5)It was really annoying；I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.

A．wouldn't C．shouldn't

B．couldn't D．needn't

B [考查情态动词。句意：真烦人，我无权使用(couldn't get access to)你推荐的资料库。B项couldn't意为“不能”，符合语境。wouldn't不愿意；shouldn't不应该；needn't没必要。]

7．(2016·天津高考，15)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn't been wearing one，I ________．

A．were injured B．would be injured C．had been injured D．would have been injured

D [考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果没系的话，我会受伤的。根据题干中的If I hadn't been wearing one可知，此处表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语用would have been injured。]

8．(2016·浙江高考，15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS－related deaths ________ since their highest in 2005.

A．had not fallen C．did not fall

B．would not fall D．would not have fallen

D [考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从2005年的最高值降下来。从句Had...not worked together是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用would(not)have done。故选D。]

9．(2016·浙江高考，17)George ________ too far.His coffee is still warm. A．must have gone C．can't have gone

B．might have gone D．needn't have gone

C [考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：乔治不可能走太远，他的咖啡仍是温的。can't

have gone意为“不可能走(远)”，是对过去情况的否定推测，符合语境。must have gone一定已经走(远)，是对过去情况的肯定推测；might have gone可能已经走(远)，是对过去情况可能性不大的推测；needn't have gone本没必要走(远)，表示本来没必要做某事却做了。]

10．(2015·浙江高考，4)It was so noisy that we________hear ourselves speak. A．couldn't C．mustn't

B．shouldn't D．needn't

A [考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：这里如此吵闹以至于我们听不见自己讲话。couldn't不能；shouldn't不应该；mustn't不准；needn't没有必要。由语境可知，此处表示“我们不能听见自己讲话”，因此选A项。]

1．常考情态动词的用法 (1)can/could的用法 表示能力 表示请求 can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力 could不表示过去，只表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can 表示可能性 一般用在否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句 (2)may/might的用法 表示请求、允许 表示可能性 表示祝愿 固定用法 might不表示过去，仅表示语气更加委婉、客气 表示把握性不大的推测，不用于疑问句中；might表示的可能性比may更小 may可以用来表示祝愿，但句子要用部分倒装 may/might as well do sth.“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好” (3)will/would的用法 用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求 表示意志、决心或愿望 表示客观上的习惯，will表示现在，would表示过去 表示推测或猜想 表示按规律“注定会” (4)shall的用法 用在第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请示 用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等的语气 用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示法律条文等的规定，意为“必须” (5)should的用法 表示义务、责任、劝告或建议，意为“应该”，与ought to基本相同；should表示主观，ought to表示客观 表示预测，意为“应该会；按理说；想必会” 表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩，意为“竟会；到底” (6)need/dare的用法 need意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词，一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用，在肯定句中作实义动词用。

—Need he go yesterday? —No，he needn't.

She dare not go out alone at night. 2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法 (1)“情态动词＋have done”表示推测

情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，其后跟have done，表示对已经发生或完成的情况的推测。can仅用在否定句及疑问句中；must仅用在肯定句中；may/might不用于疑问句中。

There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?

You can't have seen her in her office last Friday；she's been out of town for two weeks.

He is upset.He must have been punished.

Tom may have passed the driving test，but I am not sure about it. He might not have gone out because the light's on. (2)“情态动词＋have done”表示虚拟语气

情态动词could，might，should，need(只用否定形式)等后接have done，表示与事实相反的情况，一般意为“本……(事实却不这样)”。

Considering his ability，he could have done it better. He might have given you more help，even though he was busy. You should have told me earlier.

I'm sorry，I should't have been so rude to you. He needn't have gone to the station yesterday. 3．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 (1)基本用法