状语从句大全

A．Because because因为

Because I like it, I do it.因为我喜欢，所以我才干。

He couldn’t have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。 比较： because 和for的区别。

1．for 是并列连词，只用于连接表示原因的分句，因此不能用于句首。because表示原因时，可位于句首。 【误】For he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 【正】Because he did not obey the rules, he was punished. 由于他不遵守规章制度，他受到了处。

2．for 表示的是推断解释，because强调动作发生的直接原因。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。（不可用because，因为地面湿不是天下雨的原因） The day breaks, for the birds are singing. 天亮了，因为鸟在叫。（不可用because，因为鸟叫不是天亮的原因） He went to bed early, because he was tired 由于他累了，所以他很早就上了床。（直接的理由） He must be tired, for he went to bed early. 他肯定累了，因为他很早就上了床。（间接的推断）

3．在强调结构It is/was...that和关联词not..but 引导的原因状语从句中，宜用because。 It's because he helped you that I'm prepared to help him. 正是因为他帮助过你，所以我乐意去帮助他。

He decided to give up the chance of going abroad, not because he did not want to but because his wife was ill. 他决定放弃出国的机会，不是因为他不想去，而是因为他妻子病了。

A． since

since 因为，既然。引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。

Since you have no licence, you are not allowed to drive.因为你没有驾驶执照，所以不允许你开车。 Since you are al here, let's try and reach a decision.既然大家都来了，咱们就设法做出一个决定吧。 B．as

as 由于。一般多用于句首。

As she was ill, she didn't come to the party.由于病了，她没来参加晚会。

As he was not well enough, I had to go without him.由于他身体欠佳，我只好不带他去了。 As it rained, we all stayed at home.由于下雨我们都呆在家里。 C.because, since, as 的区别

1．because语气最强，表达的是未知的新信息，一般置于主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开。在回答why引导的特殊疑问句时，或在强调结构It is/was ..that 和关联词not ..but 引导的原因状语从句中，要用because。另外，because还常和副词just, merely等连用。

2．since 表示的是已知的客观事实或分析后的推理，引导的从句大多置于句首，主从句的时态一般相同。 3．as 表示的理由最弱，只是对主句的附带说明，重点在主句。as从句通常放在主句前。 Just because he doesn't complain, you must not suppose that he is satisfied.你不可只因他不抱怨就以为他满足了。

You shouldn't get angry only because some people speak ill of you.你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。 Since you're not interested, Iwon't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。

As you are unable to answer perhaps we should ask someone else.因为你不能回答，也许我们该问一问别的人。

注意：because等词不能与 so连用。 D．now that

now that 既然，因为。that可以省略。

Now (that) dinner is ready, go and wash your hands.既然饭已好了，洗手去吧。

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状语从句

四、目的状语从句

目的状语从句是表示行为目的的从句。引导目的状语从句的主要连词有that, so，so that, sothat, in order that等，从句中常常使用一些情态动词，如can, could, may, might, should等。A．that, so that，in order that表示为了，以便，一般放在主句之后。that语气较弱，用的较少，多用so that。

Let's take the front seats that we may se more clearly.我们坐前排吧，这样我们可以看得更清楚些。 Man does not live that he may eat, but eats that he may live.人生存不是为了吃饭，而吃饭是为了生存。 They hurried so that they might not miss the train.他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。

In order that everyone might hear her clearly, she raised her voice again.为了使每个人都听清楚，她再次提高了声音。 注意：当主从句的主语一致时，so that和in order that引导的目的状语从句可以转换成相对应的动词不定式结构。

We got up early so that we would arrive in time.为了能及时赶到，我们起得很早。 They hurried so that they might not miss the train.

→ They hurried so as not to miss the train.他们为了不误火车，才急急忙忙的。 Betty saved money in order that she could buy a computer.

→ Betty saved money in order to buy a computer.贝蒂存钱是为了买一台电脑。 B．in case, lest, for fear that

几个短语都表示万一，惟恐，含有否定的意义。

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。 Take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨，带把伞。

五、结果状语从句

结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so (that), so…hat, such…that等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。 A．so, that, so that

这三个词都可以引导结果状语从句。so that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。 What has happened that you look so worried发生了什幺事，使你显得如此担心？ I didn't plan the work well, so that I didn't finish it in time. 我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）

The room was packed with people, so that we couldn't get in.房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。 so...that so...that 如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构： 1．so + 形容词副词 + that-从句

The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.这村子太小，所以这地图上没有。 The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.风刮得那么大，我们简直寸步难行。 2．so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that-从句

It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.天是那么的热以致他们都去游泳了。

He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.他发表了如此鼓舞人的演讲以致大家都很激动。 3．so + many/few +复数名词+ that-从句

I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.我摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块，紫一块。 He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。 4．so + much/little +不可数名词 + that-从句

I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.我当时囊中羞涩，甚至连一辆二手车都买不起。 He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.昨晚他喝了那么多的酒，他觉得很不舒服。 5.在so + 形容词副词 + that-从句结构中，如将so + 形容词副词位于句首，主谓语要倒装。 So excited was he that she could not say a word.他很激动，一句话都说不出来。

So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说得很响，连隔壁的人都能听见

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such... that such...that 如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构： 1．such + a\\an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that-从句

Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.詹妮是如此聪明的女孩，以至我们都非常喜欢她。 We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.我们走得匆忙，把门都忘了锁了。 2．such + 形容词 +复数名词+ that-从句

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。

They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.这些是十分有意思的小说，大家都想看。 3．such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that-从句

He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.他的进步很快，老师表扬了他。

H shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗子用了那么大的劲，玻璃都碎了。 提示：such+a/an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a/an+单数名词结构互换。 He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.

→ He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事，大家都笑。 →The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.他给我们讲的故事是如此有趣，大家都笑了

六、条件状语从句。

条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。条件状语从句分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句（见第3章）。引导条件状语从句的有if, unless, so as long as, as so far as, on condition that, in case, suppose, supposing等。条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。 A．if if表示正面条件，意为如果。

If you ask him, he will help you.如果你向他请求，他会帮助你。

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。 If I do not understand what he says, I always ask him.我不懂他的话时, 总是去问他。（if = when） 比较：

if only和only if的对比。 if only 解释但愿，要是就好了，表示一个不可能实现愿望，要用虚拟语气。 only if 解释只有，等于only on condition that，从句用陈述语气。

Only if you heat ice, it turns to water.只有当你给冰加热，它才会变成水。 If only I knew要是我知道该多好。 B．unless

unless = if not, 表示反面条件，意思是如果不、除非。 They will go tomorrow unless it rains.除非明天下雨，否则他们会去的。(They will go tomorrow if it doesn't rain.） I won't let you in unless you show me your pass. 如果你不出示通行证，我就不让你进来。 注意： if...not和unless通常是可以换用的。但在下列情况下，两者是有区别的： 1．unless多引导真实条件句，if..not可以引导真实条件句或非真实条件句。

He won’t be able to pass the final exams unless he works hard.除非他努力，否则就通过不了期末考试。 He won't be able to pass the final exams if he doesn't work hard.如果他不努力，就通过不了期末考试。 2．如果主句描述的是情感或情绪活动方面的内容，if..not结构不能换成unless。如： I'll be quite glad if she doesn't come this evening.她今晚如果不来我很高兴。

3．unless引导的状语从句可用否定结构，而if..not引导的从句不可再用否定结构。

Don't ask me to explain again unless you really don't understand.不要再叫我解释了，除非你真的不懂。 4．unless能作为介词使用，相当于except，而if..not不可以。

Nothing will come out of it unless disaster.这种事除非引起灾祸之外不会有什么结果。 C．so long as, as long as, on condition that

这几个短语意思差不多，都表示只要，条件是……。

As long as we don't lose heart, we'll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 You may use the room on condition that so long as you clean it afterwards.只要你用完后打扫干净，你就可以使用这个房间。

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D．in case

in case 既引导目的状语从句，也可以引导条件状语从句，等于if it happens that。 In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所做的承诺。 Send s a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一你有什么困难，请给我们一个信儿。

E．Providing, provided that, supposing, suppose that, given that 这几个短语意思相近，有如果，只要，假如等意思。

Given that they are inexperienced, they've done a good job.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已做得很好了。(that可以省略) provided Providing（that）we invite him, he would surely come to dinner.假如我们邀请他的话，他肯定会来吃饭的。

Suppose Supposing we can't get enough food, what shall we do假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎幺办？（仅用于疑问句）

七、方式状语从句

方式状语从句是描述动作方式的从句。方式状语从句常由as, as if， as though等词引导，通常位于主句之。 A． as, just as

这两个连词的意思是如……，正如……一样。just as 比as 语气要强一些。 Do in Rome as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 Leave things as they are.让一切顺其自然。

Please do as you are told.请按照人家告诉你做的去做。（也可说Please do as told.）

Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.气球在空中就如同船浮在海面上一样。 注意：

在口语中，还可用like来代替as，引导一个方式状语从句。

She is doing the work exactly like I want her to.她正在完全按照我要她的那样在做这项工作。 Do you make bread like you make cakes你做面包的方法是不是和做点心一样？ B．as if, as though

由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况（见第3章虚拟语气）。 She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。

The boy plays piano as though he has a natural ear for music.这孩子弹起钢琴来家好象天生很懂音乐似的。 They talked loudly as if nobody were around.他们大声说话仿佛周围没人似的。 He acted as ifthough nothing had happened他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。

八、比较状语从句

比较状语从句由as, than引导。 A．as...as, the same as

用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用not so as…as, not the same …as。 Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.我们的国同整个欧洲一样大。 The result was not as so good as I had expected.结果不如我预料的那么好。 She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大楼上班。 B．than

than表示不同程度级的比较

It rains more often in Shanghai than in Beijing.上海下的雨比北京的多。

He is two inches taller than his father.= He is taller than his father by two inches. 他比他爸爸高两英寸。 注意： 在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉，如果把省略部分补上，而显得累赘或不合乎习惯。 Lily isn't so clever a girl as Lucy is.

莉莉是一个不如露西那样聪明的女孩。（如说成：Lily isn't so clever a girl as Lucy is clever 显得累赘） The child sang as sweetly as a nightingale.这孩子歌唱得同夜莺般婉转。

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