海文钻石卡非英语专业模拟

A卷

绝密★启用前

2010

年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

（万学·海文钻石卡第一次模拟考试）

英语试卷

(科目代码：201)

英语考生注意事项

1. 答题前，考生须在答题纸指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考单位和考生编号。 2. 答案必须写在答题纸指定位置上，写在其他地方无效。 3. 填（书）写必须使用蓝（黑）色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔。 4. 考试结束，将答题纸和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

A 卷

_ ×__×__×__×__×__×__×_)×名×姓×师×询×咨×管×主×(码××校代学×× ×_ ×__×__×__×__×__题_ ___答 _ _ 要 校 学不 考 报内 线 封 _ _ __密__×__×__×__×__×_ ×号)×卡×石×钻×(号×证×考×准× × × ×_ _×__×__×__×__×__× ×名×姓×Section Ⅰ Use of English

Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 1 the turn of the century when jazz (爵士乐) was born, America had no prominent 2 of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 3 , or by whom. But it began to be 4 in the early 1900s. Jazz is American’s contribution to 5 music. In contrast to classical music, which 6 formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, 7 moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz 8 like America, 9 it does today.

The 10 of this music are as interesting as the music 11 . American Negros, or blacks, as they are called today, were the Jazz 12 . They were brought to the Southern states 13 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long 14 . When a Negro died, his friends and relatives 15 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the 16 . On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 17 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their 18 , but the living were glad to be alive. The band played 19 music, improvising(即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 20 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of Jazz.

1. [A] By

[B] At [C] In [D] On 2. [A] music [B] song [C] melody [D] style 3. [A] discovered [B] acted [C] invented [D] designed 4. [A] noticed [B] found [C] listened [D] heard 5. [A] classical [B] sacred [C] popular [D] light 6. [A] forms [B] follows [C] approaches [D] introduces

7. [A] expressing [B] explaining [C] exposing

[D] illustrating

8. [A] appeared [B] felt [C] seemed [D] sounded 9. [A] as

[B] so

[C] either [D] neither 10. [A] resources [B] originals [C] discoveries [D] origins 11. [A] concerned [B] itself [C] available [D] oneself 12. [A] players

[B] followers

[C] fans [D] pioneers 13. [A] for [B] as

[C] with

[D] by

英语试卷 第1 页 共10页 14. [A] months [B] weeks [C] hours [D] times 15. [A] formed

[B] composed [C] hosted [D] demonstrated 16. [A] demonstration [B] procession [C] body [D] march 17. [A] Even [B] Therefore [C] Furthermore [D] But 18. [A] number [B] members [C] body [D] relations 19. [A] sad

[B] solemn

[C] happy [D] funeral 20. [A] whistled [B] sung

[C] presented [D] showed

SectionⅡ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

Text One

While fashion is thought of usually in relation to clothing, it is important to realize that it covers a much wider domain. It is to be found in manners, the arts. Literature, and philosophy, and may even reach into certain areas of science. In fact, it may operate in any field of group life, apart from the technological and utilitarian area and the area of the sacred. Its operation requires a class society, for in its essential character it does not occur either in a homogeneous society like a primitive group, or in a caste society.

Fashion behaves as a movement，and on this basis it is different from custom which, by comparison, is static. This is due to the fact that fashion is based fundamentally on differentiation and emulation. In a class society, the upper classes or so-called social elite are not able to differentiate themselves by fixed symbols or badges. Hence the more external features of their life and behavior are likely to be imitated by classes immediately below them, who, in turn, are imitated by groups immediately below them in the social structure. This process gives to fashion a vertical descent. However, the elite class finds that it is no longer distinguishable, by reason of the imitation made by others, and hence is led to adopt new differentiating criteria, only to displace these as they in turn are imitated. It is primarily this feature that makes fashion into a movement and which has led one writer to remark that a fashion, once launched, moves to its doom.

As a movement, fashion shows little resemblance to any of the other movements which we have considered. While it occurs spontaneously and moves along in a characteristic cycle, it involves little in the way of crowd behavior and it is not dependent upon the discussion process and the resulting public opinion. It does not depend upon the mechanisms of which we have spoken. The participants are not recruited through agitation. No morale is built up among them. Nor does the fashion movement have, or require, an ideology. Further, since it does not have

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××× A 卷

a leadership imparting conscious direction to the movement, it does not build up a set of tactics. People take part in the fashion movement voluntarily and in response to the interesting and powerful kind of control which fashion imposes on them.

21. It is known from the first paragraph that [A] fashion operates in every society.

[B] fashion can be found only in a few fields of group life. [C] fashion originates in a class society.

[D] people like to keep up with fashion in a primitive society.

22. According to the author，which of the following people usually lead a new fashion? [A] Philosophers. [B] Artists. [C] Writers. [D] The social elite.

23. The following statements are false EXCEPT [A] fashion, as a movement, is static.

[B] a fashion is destined to disappear once it is launched. [C] a fashion will never vanish once it is introduced.

[D] the upper classes play a little role in making fashion into a movement. 24. According to the author, a fashion movement [A] will eventually develop into a social organization. [B] has little in common with other movements. [C] has a powerful leadership guiding it. D. has a set of symbols and values.

25. It can be inferred from the passage that a fashion movement [A] is a form of expressive behavior.

[B] contributes a great deal to the way of crowd behavior. [C] can boost the morale of its participants.

[D] functions in the same way as specific social movements.

Text Two

英语试卷 第3 页 共10页 Another week, another crop of bad news comes from the telecoms industry. Bernie Ebbers, the chief executive of WorldCom, has been forced out. The share price of Qwest, another heavily indebted American telecoms company, fell to an all-time low, after it had announced a first-quarter loss of $698m. Siemens, a German company, said it would cut 6,500 jobs in its telecoms-infrastructure division, on top of 10,000 layoffs already announced. Marconi and JDS Uniphase, two other network-equipment vendors, announced or gave warning of gloomy results, and Telewest, a struggling British cable company, said that it would cut 1,500 jobs. At least NTL, Telewest’s main rival, won the support of banks to restructure its mountain of debt.

Even as the broader economic climate begins to improve, the carnage in telecoms continues. “No bottom in sight,” is how Nikos Theodosopoulos, an analyst at UBS Warburg, puts it. He notes that, historically, the telecoms sector tends to recover six months later than the economy as a whole. But this time, he says, there is evidence of bigger structural problems in the industry that will not be solved by an economic recovery. That suggests the industry must undergo painful rationalisation before things start to improve.

How did this happen? Telecoms is an infrastructure-intensive business, and infrastructure takes a long time to build. So telecoms firms have to gamble on the level of future demand. In recent years, however, their bets—in both fixed and mobile telecoms—have gone spectacularly wrong.

In fixed-line telecoms, the problem is overcapacity. During the Internet boom, operators assumed that demand would continue to grow by 100% a year indefinitely. A vast construction programme ensued, fuelled by cheap capital. At its height, says Andrew Heaney of Spectrum, a consultancy, telecoms operators built seven years’-worth of capacity in a single year.

The result was a capacity glut, ferocious competition and frantic price-cutting. Traffic growth has not translated into extra revenue. Fixed-line operators have now cut their infrastructure spending to focus on picking up clients rather than expanding their networks. All of this is terrible news for equipment vendors. Two of the biggest, Nortel and Lucent, have cut around 50,000 jobs apiece in the past year or so.

Operators of mobile networks also made what turned out to be an ill-judged bet on future demand. With voice revenues stabilizing, the industry hoped that new data services, piped over “third generation” (3G) networks, would provide growth. But consumers in most parts of the world have been far slower to embrace new data services than the operators had hoped. Worse, European operators hobbled themselves with huge debts by overpaying for 3G licenses.

Investors now worry that mobile telecoms is merely a low-growth utility, rather than an industry on the verge of a new phase of explosive expansion. The uncertainty has had a knock-on effect on wireless-infrastructure vendors, who were banking on selling vast amounts of 3G equipment. Ericsson and Motorola, for example, are each laying off more than 40,000 workers.

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A 卷

In short, even though Internet traffic continues to grow and mobile phones remain popular, telecoms firms bet everything on a surge in demand that has so far failed to materialize. Backing out of these bets is proving to be very unpleasant. The carnage will continue for some time yet.

26. Which of the following statement is true according to Nikos Theodosopoulos?

[A] The telecoms industry will recover in six months’ time. [B] The telecoms industry will suffer an ever-lasting carnage.

[C] Telecoms problems can be solved after the broader economy has recovered. [D] Things in the telecoms industry are likely to get worse before they get better. 27. Capacity glut in fixed-line telecoms mainly resulted from

[A] the Internet boom. [B] cheap construction capital.

[C] operators’ over-optimism about future demand. [D] ferocious competition and frantic price-cutting.

28. One reason traffic growth has not translated into extra revenue is that

[A] operators competed to cut prices. [B] operators focused on picking up clients. [C] operators failed to expand their networks. [D] operators had to pay more to equipment vendors. 29. Operators of mobile networks assumed that

[A] future demand for voice services would stabilize. [B] consumers would embrace new data services very quickly. [C] mobile telecoms would be a low-growth utility. [D] 3G licenses would be difficult to obtain. 30. The passage is mainly

[A] a prediction about future trends. [B] a criticism of wrong policies. [C] an analysis of existing problems. [D] a suggestion of possible solutions.

Text Three

A new malady is running rampantly in corporate America: management phobia. Many people don’t want to

英语试卷 第5 页 共10页 be a manager, and many people who are managers are itching to jump off the management track—or have already. “I hated all the meetings,” says a 10-year award-winning manager, “And I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist. ” With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off 4 these days if you’re on the technical side. It’s a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too. In addition, with Scott Adams’s popular cartoon character as well as many television situation comedies routinely portraying managers as idiots or enemies, they just don’t get much respect anymore.

Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom. But in today’s global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies. There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to climb. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.

In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things. Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs.

With more people wary of joining management, are corporations being hurt or worrying about developing future leaders? Not many are. While employers have dismissed a lot of managers, they believe a surplus lingers on at many companies. Another reason companies aren’t short of managers, contends Robert Kelley, a Carnegie Mellon University business professor, “is that so many workers today are self-managed, either individually or via teams, you don’t need a manager.”

31. The 10-year award-winning manager suggests that

[A] managerial jobs demand more hours and offer more headaches. [B] managers should not do too much beyond the scope of his job. [C] being a manager requires many other skills besides management. [D] a person can get a lot of development in a management role. 32. The word “perk” (Line3, Paragraph 3) probably means [A] privileges.

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