自考英语国家概况一句话简答题美国、英国部分

Because of ethnic ties, cultural tradition, social background, economic interests and successful British propaganda（宣传）, the U.S. government pursued such a policy. 34. What were the immediate causes that led the United States into the war?

The immediate causes were Germany’s unlimited submarine warfare and Germany’s attempt to get Mexico into the war against the United States. 35. What government policies in the 1920s helped big business?

The policies of tariff protection, favorable tax rates and little government restrictions contributed to high profits of big businesses.

36. How did many Americans view their country after WWI?

They believed that American political, economic and social institutions were the best in the world.

37. What was the experience of WWI veterans demanding payment of bonuses in Washington D.C. in 1932?

They were driven out of the capital by military force directed by General McArthur. 38. What were some of the personal characteristics of F.D.R. that helped him in doing his work as president?

He had a sure sense of what was practical or possible, a strong sense of timing and was a great communicator.

39. What were the two guiding principles underlying American diplomatic activities in WWII? The first was to win the war; 打胜仗

the second was to bring the Soviet Union into a postwar world order under American leadership. 控制战后世界格局

40. What was the basic reason for the postponement of the opening of the Second Front? It was a reflection of the desire of not letting the Soviet Union expand into eastern and central Europe too quickly.

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41. What was the postwar strategy of the United States?

The strategy was American leadership of the world and open market for American goods and capital.

42. What was the theory put forward by the Soviet Union in around 1946?

There could be no long-term peaceful co-existence between socialism and capitalism. 43. What was the immediate cause of the Berlin crisis in 1948? The Soviet Union cut off Western routes to West Berlin.

44. What decision did President Truman make to deal with the Berlin crisis?

He decided to mobilize all possible American cargo planes to airlift supplies into West Berlin.

45. What effect did the Berlin blockade have on the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones?

it pushed the people in West Berlin and western occupied zones further to the side of the United States because they were grateful for American airlifts. 46. What measure did the United States take in the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The United States introduced a naval blockade 封锁，阻塞around Cuba and demanded the dismantlement拆除 and withdrawal 撤走of the missiles from Cuba.

47. Did the allies of the United States give their full support to the U.S. in the Vietnam War? No , some criticized the United States for escalation 扩大of the war, some refused to support American war efforts.

48. What is the significance of the Shanghai Communique? The key thing is American commitment to a one China policy. 49. What is the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

The Act outlawed 被剥夺法律权利racial discrimination in housing and employment. 50. What is the Port Huron Statement about?

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The Port Huron Statement was the platform of the Students for a Democratic Society ( SDS ) which condemned racism, poverty amidst plenty, big corporations and the Cold War.

51. How does the United States rank among the countries of the world in the total value of its economic production?

The United States ranks first among the countries of the world in the value of its economic production.

52. What kind of system is the United States economy based on? The United States economy is based on a free enterprise system.

53. What are the factors that have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today?

The United States has one of the world’s most varied populations, and the vast space and resources of the land, the ideals of freedom and economic opportunity, and hard work by the people have helped build the United States into the economic giant it is today.

54. What are the major natural resources in the United States?

Fertile soil, forests, water, and minerals are the major natural resources in the United States.

55. What are some of the leading farm products in the United States?

They are corn, wheat, beef cattle, milk, soybeans, cotton, chickens and eggs, and hogs. 56. What has helped make U.S farms the most efficient in the world?

The use of modern farm machinery and agricultural methods has helped make U.S. farms the most efficient in the world.

57. What areas have long been major U.S centers of manufacturing? The Midwest and Northeast.

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58. How does California rank among the states in the value of its manufactured goods? California ranks first among the states in the value of its manufactured goods. 59. What are the problems the U.S economy has faced form time to time? They are recessions, depressions and inflation.

60. Why is the poverty rate higher in the United States than in several other industrialized nations, including Canada, Australia, and Germany?

Because they have more generous social programs for the poor and a higher minimum wage than the United States.

61. What role has the Constitution played?

The Constitution has been the basis for the evolution of governmental institutions and for political stability, economic growth and social progress in the United States. 62. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

The weaknesses were: there was no national executive to enforce the laws and there was no national court system and Congress had no power to tax, nor to regulate trade between states.

63. What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards? They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 64. What are the three branches of the government? They are the legislative, the executive and the judicial. 65. How is the American president elected?

The voters vote for the electors and the electors vote for the president. But as soon as the votes of the voters are counted the number of electors for each candidate is known and who has won the election is known.

66. According to the Constitution, what judicial power does the President have? He has the power to give reprieves and pardons in federal criminal cases.

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