presentation

A train is a form of rail transport consisting of a series of vehicles propelled along a rail track to transport goods or passengers. Motive power is provided by a separate locomotive or individual motors in self-propelled multiple units. Although historically steam propulsion dominated, the most common modern forms are diesel（['di?zl]） and electric locomotives, the latter supplied by overhead wires or additional rails. Other energy sources include horses, rope or wire, gravity, batteries, and gas turbines. Train tracks usually consist of two, three or four rails, with a limited number of monorails and maglev（['m?glev]）（磁悬浮） guide ways in the mix. There are various types of trains that are designed for particular purposes.

A train can consist of a combination of one or more locomotives and attached railroad cars, or a self-propelled multiple units. The first trains were rope-hauled（[h??l]）, gravity powered or pulled by horses.

In the 1880s, electrified (电气化) ([?'lektr?fa?d]) trains were introduced, and also the first tramways and rapid transit systems came into being. Starting during the 1940s, the non-electrified railways in most countries had their steam locomotives replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, with the process being almost complete by 2000. During the 1960s, electrified high-speed railway systems were introduced in Japan and a few other countries. Other forms of guided ground transport outside the traditional railway definitions, such as monorail or maglev, have been tried but have seen limited use. From the early 19th century almost all were powered by steam locomotives. From the 1910s onwards the steam locomotives began to be replaced by less labor-intensive(劳动密集型) and cleaner (but more complex and expensive) diesel（柴油机）

locomotives and electric locomotives, while at about the same time self-propelled multiple unit vehicles of either power system became much more common in passenger service.

A passenger train is one which includes passenger-carrying vehicles which can often be very long and fast. One notable and growing long-distance train category is high-speed rail. In order to achieve much faster operation over 500 km/h.

Except passenger train, there are many other forms of rail transport. Such as Heritage trains, Airport trains, mine trains and overland trains.

That’s all.

载客量高，输送能力大，速度快，安全性好，正点率高，舒适方便，能源消耗低， 带动城市经济

世界铁路历史发展证明，高速铁路是经济社会发展的必然趋势。

自1825年英国修建了世界第一条铁路以来，由于运输速度和运输能量上的优点，铁路在很长的历史时期内成为各国的交通运输骨干。从20世纪50年代开始，公路和航空运输迅速发展，使铁路在速度上居于劣势，长途客运受航空运输排挤，短途客运被汽车运输取代，铁路进入“夕阳产业”的被动局面。然而进入20世纪70年代以后，由于能源危机、环境恶化、交通安全等问题的困扰，人们重新认识到铁路的价值。特别是高速铁路以其速度快、运能大、能耗低、污染轻等一系列的技术优势，适应了现代社会经济发展的新需求。

1964年10月，日本在东海道新干线东京至大阪高速铁路以210公里/小时运行，法国在1981年修建第一条高速铁路（TGV东南线），高速铁路显示出旺盛的生命力。由于它具有明显的经济效益和社会效益，所以欧洲、北美洲和亚洲等许多国家和地区纷纷兴建、改建或规划修建高速铁路。据国际铁路联盟（UIC）的最新统计，截止到2010年5月，全世界运营中的高速铁路营业里程总长达 13414公里，这些线路分布在14个国家和地区。可以说，发展高速铁路已是当今世界铁路发展的共同趋势。

据统计，中国投入运营的高速铁路已达到6800多公里。中国已成为世界上高速铁路系统技术最全、集成能力最强、运营里程最长、运行速度最高、在建规模最大的国家。

2013-12-3，英国首相戴维卡梅伦(David Cameron)向中国敞开了投资英国HS2高铁项目的大门。