河南省专升本英语语法解析

2.to do ⑴to do不定式作状语，有将来意味，表目的或结果。 ⑵only to find/notice

only to be told/informed

固搭：too…to… enough to do in order to do = so as to do 3.补：插入语作状语

Generally speaking (一般来说), Frankly speaking = To be frank (坦白地说), To be honest = To tell (you) the truth (说实话), Believe it or not (信不信由你), Judging from/by (根据…来判断), Given… (考虑到，鉴于), Provided (that)… = Providing (that)… (如果，假如) Compared to/with… (与…相比)

4.补：There be 句型的非谓语形式为There being

例：_____ nothing to talk about, he said good-bye and went out of the room. A. There was B. There being C. Being D. There been (2005) 二、作补足语 1.作主语补足语 主动：to do主动将来 sb/sth be said / reported / believed / known / considered to have done已发生 被动：to be done被动将来

be have been done已

发生的被动

此句型相当于：It is said / reported / believed / known / considered that + 句子(主语

从句)

例：⑴He is said____ two trips to China in the last two years. (2002)

A. to be making B. to make C. to have made D. to have been making ⑵Many of his novels are reported_____ into several foreign languages last year.

(2006)

A. to be translated B. to translate

C. being translated D. to have been translated 2.作宾语补足语 ⑴感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, hear的宾补： 以see为例： doing sth 看见…正在做…

see + 宾语 + do sth 看见…做了…(动作的全过程) done 看见…被做

注：see + 宾语 + do结构为主动，变被动时，要将do变为to do: 例： We heard him sing this song in that room. →He was heard to sing this song in that room. ⑵使役动词make, let, have, get

make + 宾 + do 让…做 done 让…被做 let + 宾 + do 让…做 be done让…被做 have + 宾 + do 让…做 done 让…被做

doing 让…一直做 get + 宾 + to do 让…做 done 让…被做 doing 让…开始做 注：find + 宾 + doing 发现…正在做 done 发现…被 keep + 宾 + doing 让…一直做 done 让…被

leave + 宾 + to do 留下…去做 doing 留下…一直做 catch sb doing sth 撞见某人正在做某事 例：⑴His English was so poor that he found it difficult to make himself_____. (2006) A. understood B. understand C. be understood D. to understand

⑵Are you going downtown this afternoon? I am going to have these letters____. A. mailed B. mail C. to mail D. mailing (2009)

⑶When the little girl awoke, she found herself _____ by a group of soldiers.

(2010)

A. surround B. be surrounded C. being surrounded D. being surrounding

⑷I had a lot of trouble_____ the car_____ this morning. (2002)

A. to get, started B. to get, starting C. getting, started D. getting, starting 固定句型： ⑴主 + find + n. + adj. + to do → 为vt. / vi. + 介词 I find English hard to learn. ⑵主 + be + adj. + to do English is easy to learn.

例：They found the lecture hard_____ . (2009)

A. to understand B. to be understood C. being understood D. understood

定 语 从 句 定语的位置：1.形容词作定语前置：形容词+名词

2.短语或句子作定语后置：名词+短语/句子（定语从句） She is the girl. ╲ The girl lives next door. ╱ She is the girl living next door. who lives next door. 关系词

一、定义：在英语句子中，用于限定名词或代词的句子，叫做定语从句。

二、构成： 先行词+关系词+定语从句（一般情况下，三者紧挨着，顺序不可变） 例：She is the girl who lives next door. 先行词 关系词 定语从句 注：1.被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 2.关系词指代先行词，两者为同一事物。

三、关系词

主 宾 定语

关系代词：指人who/that whom/that whose 指物which/that which /that whose 关系副词：作状语，先行词为 时间when 地点where

原因why(reason) ☆注：关系词的选择

当从句缺少成分（主、宾、表）时，用关系代词。 当从句不缺少成分时，用关系副词。 判断缺不缺成分以“五大基本句型”为标准。 例：⑴Is this the factory B he worked last year?

⑵I like the place C E I visited three years ago. ⑶He is the star D E we love.

A. when B. where C. which D. whom E. that

四、如何找定语从句：

从____后开始找，如果有一个谓语动词，____后都是从句。 如果有两个谓语动词，____与第二个谓语动词之间的为从句。 例：⑴The girl B E my father is talking to is my girl friend.

⑵The work A E has just been finished is very important. ⑶I’ll never forget the day C we first met each other. A E we spent together.

A. which B. whom C. when D. who E. that F. where 注：若____前有名词，通常考定语从句。

五、whose的使用：1.从句不缺成分

2.先行词与从句主语构成从属关系 3.从句的主语前没有the 例：⑴This is the scientist C achievements(成就) are well known.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. of whom ⑵This is the house, D the window was broken last night. A. which B. whose C. that D. of which

注：whose + n. = of which/whom + the + n. = the + n. + of which/whom 例：This is the house, the window of which was broken last night.

This is the house whose window was broken last night.

六、关系代词which与that的使用： a.只用that不用which的情况：

1.当先行词是something, everything, anything, nothing, some, all, a little, little, a few, few等不定代词或被这些词修饰时，用that,不用which. 2.当先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或有the only, the very(正好,正是), the last, just修饰时，用that,不用which.

3.当先行词既有人又有物时，用that, 不用which.

4.当主句主语是Who或Which的疑问句时，用that, 不用which. 例: ⑴Do you have anything that you want to say.

⑵This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen. ⑶Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ⑷Who is the boy that won the gold medal(金牌)? b.只用which不用that的情况：

1.当关系词前有介词时，用which, 不用that 例：This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived.

注：此时，介词+关系代词 相当于 关系副词，且介词要与先行词或从句动词构

成搭配。

如上句：This is a house where Lu Xun once lived. 例：⑴This is the factory _____ he worked last year. A. which B. in that C. in which D. of which ⑵John is the boy ____ he talked yesterday.

A. whom B. with whom C. of which D. of who 2.在非限制性定语从句中，用which, 不用that 定语从句的分类：

限制性定语从句：This is the book that/which I want to read.

非限制性定语从句：This is New York, which I have visited for several times. 注：1.限制性定语从句中无“，”且从句不可去掉，否则语义不完整。

非限制性定语从句中有“，”从句去掉，语义也完整，从句只起补充说明作用。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当关系词作宾语时，可以省略。 例：This is the book (that/which) I want to read.

3.在非限定性定语从句中，只是不用that,其他关系词可以用： 例：⑴She has fallen in love with Jack,_____ I find hard to imagine. (2009) A. who B. that C. whom D. which ⑵Mr. Zhang, ____ came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s. A. which B. that C. who D. whom (2006) 七、当先行词为the way（方式，方法）时，且当从句不缺成分时， 关系词有三种情况：that / in which / 不填 例1：⑴The way that/in which/不填 he explained the sentence to us was simple. ⑵The way that/which he explained to us was simple. 例2：I don’t like_____ you speak to her. (2013)

A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which

八、关系代词as, which的区别： 以下固定搭配用as :

1. such…as… “像…一样的” the same…as… “和…一样的”

例：We have found such materials as are used in their factory. The result is not the same as they had expected.

2.在非限定性定语从句中，as和which都可以代表前面一整句话的内容。

as引导的从句可位于主句前，主句中，主句后。但which引导的从句只能位于 主句后。

此外，as用于以下固定搭配：

as we know(正如我们所知) as is often the case(像通常那样)